Language and Gender

Language and Gender

1. Gender

   • Biollogically
     • Man= big brains
       • more capability
     • Woman= small brain
       • less capability
   • Socially
     • Behave in a specific way
       • Depending in the culture
   • Individually
     • Own perception
     • Personal experience
     • Identity

2. Relationship

   • Language to talk about women/men
     • Vocabulary
       • Insult terms
         • Man=intellectual or masculinity
         • Woman= sexuality
         • Both= generic
       • Titles
         • Mr
         • Mrs/miss
         • DR/Judge
       • Symmetry/ Asymmetry
         • Symmetry
           • Human
         • Asymmetry
           • Woman
           • Man
         • Different words
       • Unmarked/marked terms
         • Unmarked
           • Actor
         • Marked
           • Actrees
         • Same word root
       • Semantic degoration
         • word take
           • Negative connotation
             • Bachelor
             • Spinster
     • Discourse
       • Text
       • Multimodal
         • Tv advertisements
           • Conveyed
             • Certain images
               • Woman
                 • clean
               • Man
                 • Work
     • Grammar
       • Using 3rd person
         • For general terms
           • Teachers
             • His lessons
               • x
             • Their lessons
               • ✓
             • Her/his lessons
               • x
   • How women/men use language
     • Verbosity
       • do men speak more than women?
         • Depends on the context
         • Power dinamics
     • Turn-taking
       • Depends on
         • Personality
         • Context
         • Power dinamics
       • Who takes more turns and interruptions?
     • Back channel support
       • how much a listener encourages
         • a speaker to keep going
           • "Really?"
           • Posture
           • Facial expressions
           • Eye contact
       • Is slightly more used by women
     • Mitigating
       • Issue ofpower
         • Decrease power of what its said.
       • clouded ability to say very clearly yes or no
         • Hesitation
           • Sort of
           • Epistemic modals
             • could/may
             • Other
               • Probably
     • Rising intonation
       • Tone
         • Express
           • Uncertainty
             • More frequently used by females
               • Particularly teenagers
   • Newman et al, study
     • Woman
       • Talk about
         • People/emotions
     • Man
       • Talk about
         • External events
         • Topics associated with men
           • Sports