Robots (basic concepts)

Robots (basic concepts)

1. Definition

   • Is a mechanical or virtual agent, ussually on electro-mechanical machine that is guided by a computer program or electronic circuitry.
   • Can be autonomous or semi-autonomous and range from humanoide.
   • Manipulatos is composed of series of links connected to each other via jonts. Each joint usually has an actuator connected to it. These actuators are used to cause relative motion between successive links. One end of the manipulator is usually connected to a stable base and the other end is used to deploy a tool.

2. Components

   • Manipulator or the rover
     • is a composed of a series of links connected to each other via joints. each joint ussually has an actuator connected to it. these actuators are used to cause relative motion between successive links one en of the manipulators is ussually connected to a stable base and the other end is used to the play a tool
   • End effector
     • Grippers
     • Tools
   • Actuators
     • Hidraulic
     • Pneumatic
     • Electric
   • Controller
   • Processor
   • Software

3. Clasification

   • JIRA( Japonese Industrial Robot Association)
     • Class 1:Manual handly device
       • Class 2: Fixed sequence robot
         • Class 3: variable sequence robot
           • class 4: playback robot
             • class 5: Numerical Control Robot
               • Class 6: Intelligent Robot
   • RIA (Robotics Industries Association)
     • Variable sequence
       • playback robot
         • Numerical control
           • Intelligent robot

4. Types

   • Robots by locomotion
     • Stationary robots
       • Cartesian/gantry robots
       • Cylinderical robots
       • Spherical robots
       • SCARA
       • Articulates Robots
       • Parallel Robots
     • Wheeled robots
     • Legged Robots
     • Swimming robot
       • Is an ocean data services provider, it is an autonomous enviromentally powered ocean-going plataform for grathering and remotely transiting information about the surface of the ocean, such as wáter temperature, and the atmospheric conditions above, such as wind speed.
     • Modular robots
       • Self-reconfiguring robotic systems or self-reconfigurable modular robots are autonomous kinematic machines with variable morphology. Self-reconfiguring robots are also able to deliberately change their own shape by rearranging the connectivity of their parts.
     • Micro Robots
       • Is the field of miniature robotics, in particular mobile robots with characteristic dimensions less tan 1 mm. The term can also be used for robots capable of handling micrometer size components.
     • Rolling Robotic Balls
     • Snake robots
       • Is a slender hyper-redundant manipulator. The high number of degrees of freedom allows the arm to snake along a path ora round an obstacle, hence the name “snake-arm”. The ability to reach into confined supaces lends itself to many applications involving Access problems.
   • Robots by applications
     • Industrial
       • An industrial robot is defined as an automatically controlled, reprogramable, multipurpose manipulatos programable in three more axes. Typical applications of robots include welding, painting assembly, pick and place, product inspection and testing.
     • Domestic
       • : This type of robots includes many quite different devices such ad robotic vacum cleaners, robotic pool cleaners, sweepers, gutter cleaners and other robots that can do different chores. Also some surveillance and telepresenc. Robots could regarded as houseshold robots if used in that environment.
     • Medical
       • Are robots that allow surgeons greater Access to áreas under operation using more precise and less invasive methods. They are in most telemanipulatos, which use the surgeon´s actions on one side to control the effectors on the other side.
     • Military
       • This type of robots includes comb disposal robots, different transportación robots, reconnaissance drones. Often robots initially created for military purposes can be used in law enforcement, search an rescue and other related fields.
     • Space
       • use do the international space station, canadarm that was used in shuttles, as well as amars rovers and other robots used in space.
     • Hobby and competition
       • Robots that you créate. Line followers, sumo-bots, robots made just for fun and robots made for competition.

5. Sensors

   • Analogue
     • Produces a continuous output signal which is generally proportional to the quantity being measured physical quantities such as:
       • Temperature
       • Speed
       • Pressure
   • Digital
     • Produce a discrete output signal or voltage that is a digital representation of the quality being measured

6. Advantages

   • Increase productivity, safery, efficiency, quality and consistency of products
     • Robots can work inhazardous enviroments without the needs.
       • Needn´t environment comfort