Vitamins

Vitamins

1. Hydrosolubles

   • Vitamin C
     • Active form
       • Ascorbic acid
         • Can´t be syntetized by human
     • Function
       • regeneration of alfa- tocopherol
       • Collagene and adrenalin synthesis
       • Steroids synthesis
       • Makes better the no hemic iron absortion
       • Keeps metalic cofactors in the lowest value
       • Proline hydroxilation
     • Deficiency
       • Scurvy
         • Skin hemorrhage
         • Muscular weakness
         • Soft gum
           • Bleeding
           • Dental movilitie
     • Essential vitamin
   • B complex vitamines
     • B1- Thiamine
       • Function
         • Carbon´s hydrates metabolism
         • Hydrochloridric production in stomach
         • Branched chain amino acid metabolism
         • Oxidative descarboxylation of Alfa-ketoglutarate
       • Active form
         • Thiamine pyrophosphate
           • Coenzyme of
             • Dehydrogenase pyruvate
       • Deficiency
         • Beri-beri
           • Dry
             • Without liquid retention
           • Wet
             • Liquid retention
           • Neuromuscular synthomps
     • B2- Riboflavine
       • Oxireductase
         • Mononucleotide flavine
         • Dinucleotide adenine flavine
         • Active forms
       • Function
         • Carbon´s hydrates
         • Lipids
         • Energetic metablism
       • Deficiency
         • Angular stomatitis
         • Glositis
         • Scaly dermatitis
         • Photophobia
     • B3- Niacin
       • Active forms
         • Nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
           • Needs
             • Nicotinato
         • Nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)
       • Deficiency
         • Superficial glossitis
           • Advances to
             • Pellagra
               • Dermatitis
               • Skin lesions
               • Diarrhea
               • Dementia
               • Death
                 • Advanced pellagra
       • Function
         • Energetic Spend
         • Reactions caused by oxidoreductase
     • B5- Pantothenic acid
       • Part of coenzyme A molecule
         • CoA
       • Deficiency
         • Paresthesia
           • Extremely weird
     • B6- Piridoxine
       • Active form
         • Piridoxal phosphate
       • Absorbed in jejunum
         • Is produced
           • Phosphates hydrolysis
       • Piridoxamine
         • Involved in
           • Metabolic reactions
             • Carbon´s hydrates
             • Lipids
             • Amino acids
       • Piridoxine
         • Involved in
           • Neurotransmisors metabolism
           • Immune function
           • Hemo group synthesis
       • Requirement icreased with proteic consume
       • Deficiency
         • Neurologic synthomps
         • Anemia
     • B8- Biotina
       • Function
         • Multienzymatic complex coenzyme
           • Carboxylation reactions
         • Lipogenesis
         • Gluconeogenesis
         • Branched chain amino acid catabolism
       • Synthetized in intestinal flora
         • Requirement synthetized by intestinal bacteria
       • Deficiency
         • Depression
         • Hallutinations
         • Muscular pain
         • Dermatitis
         • Immune-deficiency in kids
     • B9- Folic Acid
       • Has several derivates
         • Folates
       • Function
         • Methylation reactions
         • Synthesis via
           • Coline
           • Serine
           • Wisteria
           • Methionine
         • Synthesis of
           • Purines
           • Primidine thiamine
           • Nucleic acid
         • Transfer one carbon
           • Necesary for DNA synthesis
       • Deficiency
         • bifide spine
         • Megaloblastic anemia
         • Defects in neuronal tube
       • Demand increases in pregnancy
     • B12- Cobalamine
       • Is part of hemo group
       • Function
         • Nucleic acid synthesis
         • Erythrocytes production
         • Pholates recycle
         • Controls homocysteine metabolism
           • Methionine
       • Needs intrinsec factor for absortion
       • Joins
         • It´s absorbed in the ileum
       • Deficiency
         • Pernicious anemia
           • Weight waste
           • Diarrhea
           • Neurologic synthomps
           • Can be caused by the fault of intrinsec factor
         • Can be caused by gastric surgery

2. Lipidsolubles

   • Vitamin A
     • Retinol
       • All dietetic forms
       • Can turn on
         • Retinal
         • Retinoic acid
     • Retinal
       • Produced by enterocites metabolism
         • From Beta-Carotene
           • That was turned on trans retinal
     • Retinoic acid
       • Are transported and kept in liver
         • Like retinol
     • Active forms of vitamine
     • Mainly found in vegetables
     • Deficiency
       • Vitamine A is part of rodopsina
         • That influences in dark vision
           • Thats why deficience is
             • Night blindness
       • Vitamine A influences growth
         • Deficience can cause
           • Keratomalacia
           • Fauty epithelialization
       • Biggest cause of blindness
   • Vitamin D
     • 7-dehydrocolesterol
       • Sythesized in liver
     • Ergocalciferol
     • Colecalciferol
       • Product of photolytic reaction
         • Become into a hydroxylated derivated serie
     • Influences
       • Proliferation genes
       • Regulates growth
       • Immune function
       • Anti-inflammatory
     • Diet
       • Is necesary, just in low sun exposition case
         • It´s mainly found in enriched food
     • Deficiency
       • Causes RIckets
         • Soft bones
           • Caused by faulty mineralization
       • Asociated to calcium consume
         • Vitamine D- Calcium activities are proporcional
   • Vitamin E
     • Mix of tocopherols
     • Is found in human tissue
       • Like alfa-tocopherol
         • Natural isomer
         • Kinase protein activity inhibition
         • celular accesion modification
         • Arachidonic acid metabolism
     • Influences
       • Immune function
       • Celular signaling
       • Genetic expression
     • Bad fatty absortion, reduces Vitamin E absortion
     • Deficiency
       • In infants produces
         • Hemolytic anemia
         • Thrombocytosis
         • Edema
   • Vitamine K
     • Filoquinona
     • Menaquinonas
       • Hepatic storage
     • Active forms
     • Absortion depends of fatty absortion capacity
     • Necesary in blood coagulation
       • Vitamin D is necesary
         • Post-translational coagulation factors modification
           • Sythetized in liver
             • Gla depends of Vitamine K
         • Produced by intestinal microflora
     • Deficiency
       • Microflora production avoids deficiency in adults
       • But
         • In infants
           • Asociated to
             • Hemorrhage transtorns