Arthropod lifecycles

Arthropod lifecycles

1. Echinococcus granulosus

   • IH: Sheep, cattle, pigs, goats and humans. Large hydatid cyst
     • DH: Dogs
       • Proglottid in faeces

2. Taenia taeniaeformis

   • IH: Mice and rats. Cysticercus in liver
     • DH: Cats
       • Proglottids in faeces

3. Taenia hydatigena

   • IH: Sheep, goats, cattle, pigs and deer
     • Larvae migrate through the liver and form a cyst attached to the peritoneum
       • DH: Dogs
         • Proglottid in faeces

4. Taenia ovis

   • IH: Sheep and goat
     • Larvae form cycts in muscle, heart and diaphragm
       • DH: Dogs
         • Proglottid in faeces

5. Taenia saginata

   • IH: Cattle
     • DH: Humans
       • Proglottid in faeces

6. Taenia solium

   • IH: Pigs
     • DH: Humans
       • Proglottid in faeces

7. Dipylidium caninum

   • IH: Cysticercoid larvae in lice and fleas
     • DH: Cats and dogs
       • Proglottids in faeces

8. Anoplocephala perfoliata

   • IH: Cysticercoid in pasture mite
     • DH: Horses, junction between SI and LI
       • Eggs released in faeces

9. Gasterophilus intestinalis

   • Adults are non parasitic and do not feed. Eggs laid on the body hair of target
     • Eggs on the hair of the chest and legs ingested during grooming and hatch in the mouth.
       • Larvae burrow in the tongue and gum margins
         • L2 emerge and are swallowed. Attaches to stomach wall
           • L3 remains in stomach for 8-9 months
             • L3 release and pass out in faeces. They then pupate in the soil

10. Blowfly

    • Adult lays eggs on host
      • Eggs hatch, L1 larvae feed on sheep
        • L1-L3 moults remain on sheep
          • L3 drops from sheep and pupates in the soil
            • Adult emerges

11. Lice

    • Adult cements eggs to hair shaft
      • Nymph develops in the egg
        • Nymph hatches and undergoes two more moults
          • 3rd Nymph stage moults to adult

12. Fleas

    • Adults feed off blood on the host. Eggs are laid on the host but fall off into the environment.
      • Maggot like larvae develop and feed off the adult's poo
        • Larvae pupate in cocoon of dirt
          • Adult emerges when temperature is suitable and infects a host

13. Ticks

    • Adult feeds on host then drops to environment to lay eggs
      • Larvae develops in egg and hatches. Host is infected and tick feeds then drops off
        • Larvae moults into nymph which infects another animal, feeds and drops off
          • Nymph moults to adult