Network Virtualization

Network Virtualization

1. Cloud Computing

   • Cloud Overview
     • Involves large numbers of computers connected through a network that can be physically located anywhere
       • Enables access to organizational data anywhere and at any time
       • Streamlines the organization’s IT operations
       • Eliminates or reduces the need for onsite IT
       • Reduces cost for equipment, energy, physical plant requirements, and personnel training needs
       • Enables rapid responses to increasing data volume requirements
     • Pay-as-you-go model
   • Cloud Services
     • Software as a Service (SaaS)
     • Platform as a Service (PaaS)
     • Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
   • Cloud models
     • Public clouds
     • Private clouds
     • Hybrid clouds
     • Community clouds
   • Cloud Computing vs Data Center
     • Data center
       • Data storage
       • Processing facility
     • Cloud computing
       • Off-premise service
       • On-demand access
       • Resources can be rapidly provisioned
       • Released with minimal management effort

2. Virtualization

   • Cloud Computing and Virtualization
     • Virtualization eparates the operating system (OS) from the hardware
     • Are often used interchangeably
   • Dedicated Servers
     • All of a server’s were dedicated to the service provided
     • The major problem with this configuration is that when a component fails
   • Server Virtualization
     • Takes advantage of idle resources and consolidates the number of required servers
     • Hipervisor
       • Is a program, firmware, or hardware that adds an abstraction layer on top of the physical hardware
   • Advantages of Virtualization
     • Less equipment is required
     • Less energy is consumed
     • Less space is required
   • Benefits of Virtualization
     • Easier prototyping
     • Faster server provisioning
     • Increased server uptime
     • Improved disaster recovery
     • Legacy support
   • Abstraction Layers
     • Services
     • OS
     • Firmware
     • Hardware
   • Type 2 Hypervisors
     • Virtual PC
     • VMware Workstation
     • Oracle VM VirtualBox
     • VMware Fusion
     • Mac OS X Parallels

3. Virtual Network Infrastructure

   • Type 1 Hypervisors
     • Is installed directly on the hardware
   • Installing a VM on a Hypervisor
     • Require a “management console” to manage the hypervisor
     • Can automatically consolidate servers and power on or off servers as required
   • The Complexity of Network Virtualization
     • Using traditional network architectures
     • Traffic flows differ substantially from the traditional client-server model

4. Software-Defined Networking

   • Control plane
     • The brains of a device
     • Is used to make forwarding decisions
     • Contains Layer 2 and Layer 3 route forwarding mechanisms
   • Data plane
     • The forwarding plane
     • The switch fabric connecting the various network ports on a device
     • The data plane of each device is used to forward traffic flows
   • Network Virtualization Technologies
     • Software-Defined Networking (SDN)
       • Is the separation of the control plane and data plane
       • OpenFlow
       • OpenStack
       • Other components
     • Cisco Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI)
   • Traditional and SDN Architectures
     • SDN
       • Control Panel
         • Data Panel
         • Data Panel
         • Data Panel
     • Traditional
       • Data Panel - Control Panel
       • Data Panel - Control Panel
       • Data Panel - Control Panel

5. Controllers

   • SDN Controller and Operations
     • Defines the data flows between the centralized control plane and the data planes on individual routers and switches
       • Flow Table
       • Group Table
       • Meter Table
   • Core Components of ACI
     • Application Network Profile (ANP)
     • Application Policy Infrastructure Controller (APIC)
     • Cisco Nexus 9000 Series switches
   • SDN Types
     • Device-based SDN
     • Controller-based SDN
     • Policy-based SDN
   • APIC-EM Features
   • APIC-EM Path Trace