Shoulder

Shoulder

1. anatomy

   • scapula
   • humerus
   • joints
   • ligament
   • muscles

2. physiology

   • a synovial ball and socket joint the most mobile joint yet least stable
   • stability
     • rotator cuff muscles
       • supraspinatus
       • infraspinatus
       • teres minor
       • subscapularis
     • glenoid labrum
     • ligaments
       • coracohumeral
       • glenohumeral (upper, middle, lower)
       • fibrous capsule
     • biceps tendon
   • movements
     • abduction
       • supraspinatus, lateral deltoid, trapezius and serratus anterior
     • adduction
       • pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major
     • flexion
       • pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis
     • extension
       • posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, teres major
     • internal rotation
       • subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, anterior deltoid
     • external rotation
       • infraspinatus, teres minor

3. Shoulder impingement

   • symptoms
     • Pain, stiffness
     • Sudden pain when reaching up
     • Increased joint laxity
     • decreased strength
   • treatment
     • Stretches that Help Treat and Prevent
       • Pec Major Stretch
       • Shoulder External Rotators / Lats Stretch
       • Thoracic Spine Mobility
     • Applying ice
     • anti-inflammatory medications
     • REST
     • Physical therapy
     • steroid injections
     • Surgery
     • Electrotherapeutic modalities
       • machines that physiotherapist use for the purpose to achieve pain relief and healing
         • By increasing the level of energy’s in the body
           • source of energy’s
             • Electricity
             • Thermal energy
             • Electromagnetic field
             • Light waves
             • Laser
   • If left untreated
     • Rotator cuff tears
     • Adhesive capsulitis
     • Bursitis
   • a condition where swimmers aggravate their shoulders while they swim due to the constant joint rotation.

4. Physical Examination

   • Introduction & Rapport
   • Local Inspection
     • Symmetry
     • Shape
     • Position
     • Skin
     • Muscles
     • bones
   • Palpation
     • Skin (temperature)
     • Muscles (for tenderness and atrophy)
     • Joint and Bones surface landmarks
     • distal pulse (Radial)
   • movements
     • active
       • circumduction
     • passive
       • no circumduction
   • special tests
     • Impingement
       • neer
       • hawkins
     • Apprehension
     • Apley’s scratch

5. Pain-relieving Medications

   • Non-opioid painkillers :
     • Act on opioid receptors – prescription needed –
   • Opioid
     • Act on opioid receptors – prescription needed
   • Anti-inflammatory
     • inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) – prescription , Over the counter
   • Compound
     • two or more painkillers - prescription , Over the counter

6. stages of recovery from a sport injury

7. Psychology of pain

Imagens e arquivos do mapa