2857765
Second Language
Acquisition Theories
- Input Hypothesis
- Stephen Krashen
- Characteristics
- -belief that people
acquire language in
the same way
- -acquire language when
understand message
- (not how someone
says something,
but what they say
- (not how someone
says something,
but what they say
- knowledge of world
help understand
message
- -belief that people
acquire language in
the same way
- Application
- provide pictures, symbols,
examples, etc. to help get
messages across from
speech/ text
- provide opportunities for
children to learn knowledge of
outside world to understand
message
- provide pictures, symbols,
examples, etc. to help get
messages across from
speech/ text
- Stephen Krashen
- BICS vs. CALP
- Basic Interpersonal
Communicative Skills
- Jim Cummins
- Charateristics
- -deals with
conversational fluency
- -children acquire early
years of life; are fluent in
own language
- -represents small
aspect of any language
- -looking at discrete
language skills
- -deals with
conversational fluency
- Application
- observe children's
everyday language and to
see where they stand
- teach discrete language skills:
grammar, spelling, phonics
- observe children's
everyday language and to
see where they stand
- Jim Cummins
- Cognitive Academic
Language Proficiency
- Jim Cummins
- Characteristics
- interpret and produce
complexity of the language
- found in language
of textbooks and
written texts
- language not
used in everyday
conversation
- looking at 5
years to catch
up to native
speakers
- interpret and produce
complexity of the language
- Application
- read different types of books
with complex language
- provide examples of written text
for students to look at and
observe not seen in everyday
language
- read different types of books
with complex language
- Jim Cummins
- Basic Interpersonal
Communicative Skills
- Universal Grammar
- Noam Chomsky
- Characteristics
- -all human language rests on
building blocks of expression
- -all languages based on
the fundamental
interactions between:
- verbs
- adjectives
- nouns
- verbs
- -all human language rests on
building blocks of expression
- Application
- provide the building blocks and
fundamental relationships into
lessons
- teach students about verbs, nouns,
adjectives and how to use in
sentence structure in different
languages when needed
- provide the building blocks and
fundamental relationships into
lessons
- Noam Chomsky
- Critical Theory Hypothesis
- Characterisitcs
- believed second language is best
learned between age 2 and
puberty
- ability to learn language is
negatively affected by the
completion of process of
lateralization
- lateralization= each side of brain
develops own specialized functions
- -young learners use same
side of brain for learning
both languages
- lateralization= each side of brain
develops own specialized functions
- believed second language is best
learned between age 2 and
puberty
- Application
- -teacher can find and use
strategies to aid learning
- give comprehensible input to children in classroom
- -teacher can find and use
strategies to aid learning
- Eric Lenneberg
- Characterisitcs
- Threshold Hypothesis
- Application
- make sure students are
strong in their native
language before teaching
new language
- bring different cultures into the
classroom for all students to
experience and learn about
- create
opportunities
for parent
involvement
- make sure students are
strong in their native
language before teaching
new language
- Jim Cummins
- Characteristics
- states there is a threshold level of ability
- must be reached in one
language to be successful
in other language
- must be reached in one
language to be successful
in other language
- states high levels of bilingualism have
positive cognitive effects
- better developed L1= better
developed L2
- states there is a threshold level of ability
- Application
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