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1. Fourth Amendment

   • Fourteenth Amendment: No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Retrieved From: https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xiv
   • Case #3:
   • Case #2: Lochner v. New York (17 Apr 1905). Lochner a baker from New York was convicted of violating new York’s Bakeshop Act. This law prohibited bakers from working more than 10 hours a day or more than 60 hours a week. Lochner was convicted once and paid a fine of $25 then he was convicted years later a second time and fined $50. Lochner did not challenge the first conviction, but after his second infraction he appealed the decision through the New York state courts but the decision was upheld. The U.S Supreme Court invalidated the States Court decision in a 5-4 vote. The majority held that the States decision interfered with the 14th amendment right of liberty afforded to the employer and employee. The Bakeshop Act failed the rational basis test, the majority reasoned that long working hours did not dramatically undermine the health of employees and baking is not particularly dangerous. Retrieved From: https://www.oyez.org/cases/1900-1940/198us45
   • Case #1: The Slaughter-House Cases (14 Apr 1873). Louisiana passed a law that monopolized Slaughterhouses to one company. Before this law other slaughterhouses could operate upstream from the city of New Orleans, after its passage only one company the Crescent City Live-Stock Landing and Slaughter-House Company could run a slaughterhouse downstream from the city. The owners of the slaughterhouses argued that their 14th amendment rights depriving them of liberty and property without due process was infringed. The supreme court held that the law was constitutional because the Butchers could still earn a living by slaughtering on a different location. Therefore, they were not deprived of property without due process. Retrieved From: https://www.oyez.org/cases/1850-1900/83us36

2. Fourteenth Amendment

   • Fourteenth Amendment: No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Retrieved From: https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xiv
   • Case #1: The Slaughter-House Cases (14 Apr 1873). Louisiana passed a law that monopolized Slaughterhouses to one company. Before this law other slaughterhouses could operate upstream from the city of New Orleans, after its passage only one company the Crescent City Live-Stock Landing and Slaughter-House Company could run a slaughterhouse downstream from the city. The owners of the slaughterhouses argued that their 14th amendment rights depriving them of liberty and property without due process was infringed. The supreme court held that the law was constitutional because the Butchers could still earn a living by slaughtering on a different location. Therefore, they were not deprived of property without due process. Retrieved From: https://www.oyez.org/cases/1850-1900/83us36

3. Fifth Amendment

   • Fifth Amendment :No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. Retrieved from: https://constitution.congress.gov/constitution/amendment-5

4. Sixth Amendment

5. Eighth Amendment