proteins

proteins

1. is a biologically functional molecule made up of polymers of amino acids. Proteins may also contain sugars (glycoproteins) and lipids (lipoproteins).

2. 2 types

   • Fibrous proteins
     • insoluble form of proteins which form the structural basis of many body tissues.
   • Globular proteins
     • soluble form of proteins which include all enzymes, hormones, etc…

3. 8 groups

   • Enzymes -
     • act as catalysts in biochemical reactions. e.g. Digestive enzymes.
   • Receptors
     • these proteins mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response. All organs having nerve endings, which respond to stimuli with the help of receptors.
   • Hormones
     • These are regulatory proteins which control the physiological processes such as growth and development, metabolic rates(insulin) etc…
   • Defensive proteins
     • These are components of immune system which protect the organism from external agents such as virus and bacteria. e.g. antibodies
   • Transport proteins
     • these are special type of proteins capable of transporting substances throughout the circulatory system. e.g. Haemoglobin carries oxygen, lipoprotein carries lipids etc…
   • Structural proteins
     • These proteins form a structural part of organism and provide protection along with response and stimuli against external agents. e.g. Keratin(hair, horns, feathers), connective tissues(Collagen, elastin) etc…
   • Storage proteins
     • Proteins stored for consumption of offspring. e.g. protein in eggs(albumin), milk(casein), seeds etc…
   • Contractile and motor proteins
     • These proteins are essential for locomotion. e.g. Actin and myosin.

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