Errors and Mistakes

Errors and Mistakes

1. Error

   • Definition: A deficiency in linguistic knowledge.

2. Mistakes

   • Mainly a problem of information retrieval, students know the correct grammar structure, the correct word, pronunciation. You don´t recall it at the moment when you need to.

3. Source of errors

   • Interlingual
     • The learne´s first language interferes with production of the second language.
   • Intralingual
     • The learner learns a rule in the second language, but either over generalizes it or applies it incorrectly.
   • Simplification
     • Also knows as redundancy reduction.
   • Induced
     • Results from inssuficient or incorrect explication
   • Environmental
     • Variations in students´environment

4. Areas of error

   • Structure
     • Syntax, phonology, phonetics, and morphology.
       • Can cloud the intended meaning of the message.
   • Lexicon
     • Word choice
   • Writing structure
     • Not using English conventions in punctuation or capitalization.
   • Discourse
     • The appropriateness of language in a given situation

5. Techniques

   • Self correction
     • Students correct their own errors.
   • Pinpointing
     • The teacher`s localizing an error without giving it away.
   • Rephrasing questions
     • Suggest rephrasing the question in order to reduce the number of words.
   • Cueing
     • When the teacher gives the grammatical variation of a key content word
   • Generating simple sentences
     • Like rephrasing the questions
   • Explain key words
     • This can be done by writiing a difficult word in the board or by actigin it out
   • Questioning
     • If the uses a word that the teacher does not understand, the teacher should ask a question about it.
   • Repetition
     • Repeat the error containing the error
   • Grammatical terms
     • Localizing an error by mentioning what function it plays in the sentence can be limited used.
   • Gestures
     • Errors can be corrected nonverbally.
       • Yes/ No
         • Nodding or shaking the head will get a student to continue or stop an utterance
       • Stop
         • Holding the palms toward a student will stop an unwanted interrumtion
       • Syntax
         • Flipping one hand over the other will let a student know that the word order is wrong.
       • Number
         • Singular can be indicated with one finger.
       • Stress
         • It is a nonverbal way to indicate which syllable of a word carries the stress.
       • Elison
         • The teacher puts the palms parallel to each othe and then moves them closer together in a pushing motion.
       • Missing word
         • A gesture to show that the student has left a word out.
       • Tense
         • A gesture of the hand ca indicate that a sentence should be in the past or in the future.
       • Grammatical terms plus gestures
         • Localizing an error by mentioning what function it plays in the sentence can havelimited use.