lymphoma

lymphoma

1. DD of lymphadenopathy

   • general/local?
   • site?
   • infection? autoimmune? malignancy?

2. Anatomy of lymph nodes

   • Scattered ,Covered by a capsule of dense connective tissue, Trabeculae divide the node into ( Cortex / Medulla )
     • cortex
       • Follicles of B cells, Germinal centers
         • Rich in T cells, Dendritic cells
     • medulla
       • Medullary cord, Medullary sinus

3. treatment

   • Low-grade NHL (initial stages): radiotherapy Low-grade NHL (advanced stages): palliative chemo High-grade NHL: chemotherapy
   • R-CHOP Therapy
   • ABVD
   • BEACOPP

4. classification

   • hodgkin lymphoma HL
     • Nodular sclerosis, Mixed cellularity, Lymphocyte-rich, Lymphocyte-depleted
     • reedsternberg cells
       • sequence/order fashion
         • B symptoms
           • high inflammation (cytokines)
   • NHL
     • b cells
       • follicular, diffuse
     • t cells
     • poor prognosis
       • random

5. risk factors

   • genetic mutations (myc,bcl2)
   • viral infection (EBV, HTLV1)
   • pathogenesis
   • Age, male, AID
   • environmental factors

6. complications

   • weakened immunity
   • pressing nearby structures
   • spread
   • nausea, fatigue, infertility (treatment related)
   • psychological