Yasser is falling behind

Yasser is falling behind

1. anatomy and histology of pituitary gland

   • Brain
     • forebrain
       • Diencephalon
         • ventral hypothalamus
           • Pituitary gland
             • hypothalamic nuclei and neuroendocrine cells
             • Neurohypophysis
               • median eminence
               • infundibulum stem
               • pars nervosa
             • adenohypophysis
               • pars tuberalis
               • pars intermedia
               • pars distalis

2. normal growth rate

   • height
   • weight
   • growth spurts

3. diagnosis

   • Growth Hormone deficiency
     • pituitary gland doesnt produce enough growth hormone
     • epidemiology
       • around 1 in every 4000 children have GHD
     • treatment
     • investigations
       • tests
         • blood tests
           • GH
           • IGF-!
           • CBC
           • serum protein
         • karyotyping
         • xrays
           • wrists
       • physical examination
       • growth chart
         • GHD
         • normal
     • Growth hormone
       • exerts effects on almost all tissues
         • indirectly
         • directly
         • bones
         • muscles
         • cartilage
         • liver
         • adipose tissue
       • produced in anterior pituitary gland
       • 191 amino acids-polypeptide chain-2 internal disulfide bridges
     • clinical presentation
       • acquired
         • delayed puberty
           • baldness in men
             • reduced bone mass and osteoporosis
               • reduced energy
                 • increased body fats
       • congenital
         • growth failure
           • slower developmental milestones
             • reduced energy
               • impaired concentration
                 • both height and weight lower than should be

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