TASK 1 BREAST IMAGING

TASK 1 BREAST IMAGING

1. ANATOMY

   • The mammary tissue is a kind of modified sweat glands that are positioned on the pectoralis major and serratus anterior, it can also extend vertically from the second rib to the sixth or seventh. The breast has a kind of tongue or portion that extends to the axillary region known as "Spencer's tail" or "mammary tail"
   • he mammary gland is included in the superficial and deep layers of the fascia of the pectoralis muscle. Externally of the breast in the most anterior area is the areola, which is an area of cutaneous hyperpigmentation where many sebaceous glands (Morgagni's Tubercles) are usually found, which will help in lubrication in the lactation process. prominences of hair follicles and sweat glands that are known as “Montgomery tubercles”. At the center of the areola is the nipple, a prominence capable of erection or telotism in which a variable number of galactophore ducts will lead, this amount will be less than the number of mammary lobes.

2. HISTOLOGY

   • The breast or breast tissue is formed by two types of tissue, epithelial and connective Epithelial or parenchyma, this covers the interior of the entire ductal system and the lobular-acinar system, in the most distal regions, these systems make up a large area that is very important for pathology, which is called the terminal ductolubillar unit. From this point the internal epithelial lining will include a discontinuous layer of myoepithelial cells that will be located in the basal zone of the epithelial cells, which will separate these cells with the basement membrane.
     • Connective tissue (stroma, mesenchyme) is formed of three types: Loose or intralobular stroma that is located between the duct-acinar system, also called intralobular stroma, this is more sensitive to the influence or hormonal change that is caused by tissue swelling. Dense which makes up Cooper's ligamentous system, and Fatty which occupies several spaces, subcutaneous, intraglandular and retroangular.

3. EMBRIOLOGY

   • From the 4th to 6th weeks of gestation, the embryological development of the breast will begin regardless of the future sex of the embryo, it will form ectodermal tissue along the well-known "Milky Line" or "Mammary Crest" that goes from the axillary region up to the inguinal area, which consists of 8 glandular foci, which will disappear
     • from the 6th to the 10th week, except for portion number 4, which will be the one that will give rise to the formation of the primary mammary bud that will grow in the dermis. From there
       • from the 10th to the 12th, the bud will form ramifications that will develop the secondary mammary tissue. In week 20, the bud will grow and branch to group between 10 to 20 epithelial cords for each breast, then the milk ducts and the areola will form simultaneously.

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