MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX

MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX

1. PARTS OF SPEECH

   • ¨WORD CLASSES¨
     • ADJECTIVE
       • USED WITH NOUNS
         • TO PROVIDE MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE NOUN
           • HAPPY BOY, HUGE OBJECTS, WEIRD PEOPLE, DELICIOUS CAKE
     • NOUN
       • WORDS USED TO REFER TO
         • PEOPLE
           • BOY, WOMAN, CHILDREN
         • OBJECTS
           • PENCIL, FLOWER, MIRROR
         • CREATURES
           • CAT, FISH, FOX, BEE
         • PLACES
           • HOSPITAL, SCHOOL, BRIDGE
         • QUALITITES
           • ROUGHNESS, CRUMPLED
         • PHENOMENA
           • TSUNAMI, TWISTER
         • ABSTRACT IDEAS
           • HATRED, LOVE, HAPPYNESS
     • ARTICLES
       • USED TO FORM NOUN PHRASES
         • A
           • WHEN THE NOUN BEGINS WITH A CONSONANT SOUND
             • A CAR, A PHONE, A MIRROR
         • AN
           • WHEN THE NOUN BEGINS WITH A VOWEL SOUND
             • AN EAGLE, AN APPLE, AN HOUR
         • THE
           • USED TO IDENTIFYING THEM AS ALREADY KNOWN
             • THE APPLE, THE EAGLE, THE CAR
     • VERBS
       • USED TO REFER TO VARIOUS KINDS OF ACTIONS
         • REGULAR .V
           • TALK, ASK, PREFER, OPEN
         • IRREGULAR. V
           • MAKE, GO, GET, FORGIVE
     • ADVERBS
       • USED WITH VERBS
         • TO PROVIDE MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE ACTIONS, STATES AND EVENTS
           • ADVERBS OF MANNER
             • QUIETLY, LOUDLY, SLOWLY
           • ADVERBS OF TIME
             • TOMORROW, TODAY, YESTERDAY
           • ADVERBS OF PLACE
             • EVERYWHERE, HERE, THERE, DOWNSTAIRS
           • ADVERBS OF DEGREE
             • EXTREMELY, VERY, ALMOST, ENOUGH, QUITE
           • ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
             • ALWAYS, NEVER, OFTEN, WEEKLY, DAILY
     • PREPOSITIONS
       • USED WITH NOUNS IN PHRASES
         • TO PROVIDE INFORMATION ABOUT
           • TIME
             • AT 6 O` CLOCK, IN THE AFTERNOON, AT NOON
           • PLACE
             • ON THE TABLE, NEAR THE DOOR,
           • OTHER CONNECTIONS
             • WITH A WEAPON, WITHOUT PERSONALITY
     • PRONOUNS
       • USED IN PLACE OF NOUN PHRASES
         • ARE WORDS REFERRED TO PEOPLE AND THINGS ALREADY KNOWN
           • I, YOU, HE, SHE, IT, WE, YOU, THEY
           • MYSELF, YOURSELF, HIMSELF, HERSELF, ITSELF, OURSELF, THEMSELF
           • MY, YOUR, HIS, HER, ITS, OUR, THEIR
     • CONJUCTIONS
       • USED TO MAKE CONNECTIONS
         • INDICATE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN EVENTS
           • AND, BUT, ALSO, BECAUSE, WHEN, FOR, OR

2. AGREEMENT

   • THEIR CATEGORIES CAN BE DISCUSSED IN ISOLATION
     • NUMBER
       • SINGULAR
         • CAT, WOMAN
       • PLURAL
         • CATS, WOMEN
     • PERSON
       • FIRST PERSON
         • THE SPEAKER
           • I, WE
       • SECOND PERSON
         • THE HEARER
           • YOU
       • THIRD PERSON
         • INVOLVING ANY OTHER
           • HE,SHE, IT, THEY
     • TENSE
       • PRESENT TENSE
         • SHE WRITE
       • PAST TENSE
         • SHE WROTE
       • FUTURE TENSE
         • SHE WILL WRITE
     • VOICE
       • PASSIVE VOICE
         • USED TO DESCRIBE WHAT HAPPENS TO THE SUBJECT
       • ACTIVE VOICE
         • THE SUBJETC PERFORMS THE ACTION OF THE VERB
     • GENDER
       • FEMALE ENTITIES
         • SHE, HER
       • MALE ENTITIES
         • HE, HIS
       • WHEN THE SEX IS UNKNOWN OR IRRELEVANT
         • IT, ITS

3. GRAMMAR

   • ENGLISH HAS STRICT RULES FOR COMBINING WORDS INTO PHRASES
     • FOR EXAMPLE
       • THE RICH MAN
         • IS GRAMATICALLY CORRECT
           • BUT
             • MAN THE RICH, OR RICH MAN THE
               • ARE UNGRAMMATICAL
           • THE CORRECT SEQUENCE IS
             • ARTICLE + ADJECTIVE+ NOUN

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