Phonetics and Phonologys

Phonetics and Phonologys

1. Phonetics

   • Phonetics is a scientific description of the speech sounds that exist in a language.
     • It represents how they are produced and perceived and what acoustic properties they have.
       • Phonetics is essentially concerned with tracing the processes physiologically involved in the production of sounds.
         • It describes the ways in which sounds are produced and the points of articulation of sounds.
           • The articulatory features
             • The sounds are produced by means of:
               • -Nasal Cavity -Larynx -Pharynx -Trache -Lungs
                 • -Alveolar Ridge
                   • -Lips
                   • -Teeth
                   • -Tongue
               • Example
                 • The /l/ is a lateral sound emitted after a partial obstruction between the tongue blade and the alveolar. It is sonorous. From a phonological point of view, this sound can velarize before velar sounds and when it appears in word final position. (milk, million,fill, saddle)

2. Phonologys

   • Phonology deals with the regularities governing the phonetic realizations of sounds in the words of a language.
     • It examines and attempts to establish a system of sound distinctions relevant to a particular language.
       • Phonology delineates the functioning of sounds in particular contexts.
         • The suprasegmental features
           • The sounds are produced by means of:
             • Syllables -the words The accent- the tone The intonation - the speaking variation
             • Example
               • Thus, phonologically, /t/ can be realised with aspiration in the initial position of a stressed syllable; that is, when /t/ comes before other sounds in a stressed syllable. It can be realised as being lateralised when immediately followed by the lateral /l/. (tape, kettle, kate)

3. Difference between phonology and phonetics

   • Phonetics describes the physical realization of sounds. It studies the physiological processes involved in the production of sounds. Phonology, on the other hand, studies the behavioral patterns of sounds in real speech, their realizations in different environments, whatever they may be.

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