EKG Dictionary

EKG Dictionary

1. Ventricular Rhythms

   • Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
     • It shows a continuously changing QRS complex morphology,
     • Resources: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Twelve-lead-ECG-showing-polymorphic-ventricular-tachycardia_fig1_342692651 & https://hqmeded-ecg.blogspot.com/2013/10/polymorphic-ventricular-tachycardia.html
     • * When polymorphic VT occurs with a prolonged QT interval, it's called torsades de pointes. This is characterized by a twisting of the QRS complexes, with some pointing downward and others pointing upward.
   • Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
     • Wide QRS complexes Rate of more than 100 beats per minute, usually 150–200 Regular rhythm, although there may be some beat-to-beat variation QRS axis is usually constant
     • Resources: https://thoracickey.com/monomorphic-ventricular-tachycardia/ & https://sunfox.in/blogs/risk-factors-of-monomorphic-ventricular-tachycardia/

2. Atrial Rhythms

   • Atrial Fibrillation
     • Resources: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Standard-12-lead-ECG-atrial-fibrillation_fig5_318357744 & https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/atrial-fibrillation/atrialfibrillation-quickfactsheet
     • Varying R-R intervals, No P waves, Fibrillatory waves: These waves may be present and can be fine or coarse, Fast Ventricular rate
   • Atrial Flutter
     • Atrial flutter is typically diagnosed on an electrocardiogram (ECG) by the presence of a sawtooth pattern of atrial activation, known as flutter waves. The flutter waves are most prominent in leads II, III, aVF, and V1. (Narrow complex tachycardia)
     • Resources: https://ecg-educator.blogspot.com/2016/11/atrial-flutter.html & https://litfl.com/atrial-flutter-ecg-library/

3. Sinus Rhythm

   • Normal Sinus Rhythm
     • Rate: 60-100 BPM, Regular Rhythm,, P waves upright in leads 1 and 2 and present before each QRS, consistent PR interval
     • Resources: https://apps.media.unc.edu/crashcart/Resources/HeartRhythms.html, and the filled out one is my own EKG
   • Sinus Arrythmia
     • Rate: Normal 60-100 beats, Irregular Rhythm (more than 0.08 seconds), P waves present before each QRS
     • Resources; https://litfl.com/sinus-arrhythmia-ecg-library/ & https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21666-sinus-arrhythmia

4. Blocks

   • 1st Degree AV Block
     • PR Interval is longer than 0.20 seconds (5 boxes). All P waves should conduct, but with a delay. Each P wave is followed by a QRS complex with a prolonged PR interval.
     • Resources: https://www.stemlynsblog.org/ecg-library-st-emlyns/case-b4-first-degree-av-block-st-emlyns-ecg-library/ & https://www.aclsonline.us/rhythms/1st-degree-AV-block/
   • 3rd Degree AV Block
     • AKA Complete Heart Block: Complete AV dissociation, Regular R-R interval, P-waves have no relation to QRS complexes, atrial rate being faster than the ventricular rate
     • Resources: https://www.ecgguru.com/ecg/third-degree-av-block-1 & https://www.ecgstampede.com/glossary/third-degree-atrioventricular-block/

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