Glossary

Glossary

1. Arteries

   • The arteries are vessels whose walls are formed by three layers (inner layer or endothelium, middle layer and outer layer or adventitia), with a predominance of fibers muscle and elastic fibers in the middle layer.

2. Cardiovascular system.

   • The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels: arteries, veins and capillaries.

3. Blood vessels.

   • They form a network of ducts that carry blood from the heart to the tissues and from the tissues to the heart.

4. Arterioles.

   • The arterioles are small arteries whose function is to regulate the flow to the capillaries.

5. Repolarization.

   • Recovering the resting membrane potential is due to the opening of potassium channels and the closing of calcium channels.

6. Cardiac cycle.

   • A cardiac cycle includes all electrical phenomena (action potential and its propagation) and mechanical (systole: contraction; diastole: relaxation)

7. Preload or degree of stretching.

   • Of myocardial fibers during diastole determines the strength of myocardial contraction.

8. Afterload.

   • It is the pressure that must overcome the ventricle during systole to open the atrioventricular valves.

9. Heart Rate.

   • Is the number of times the heart contracts in one minute (bpm). Proper heart rate is essential for the proper functioning of the heart.

10. Depolarization.

    • When excitation fibers sinus node arrives to atrial fibers causes the rapid opening of the sodium channels, which starts the rapid depolarization.

11. Blood pressure.

    • Blood pressure is the hydrostatic pressure of the blood against the vessel wall containing it.

12. Cardiac output.

    • Is the amount of blood pumped by the heart into the aorta each minute.

13. Blood flow.

    • Is the volume of blood flowing through any tissue per unit time (ml / min). The total blood flow is the cardiac output.

14. Arterial anastomosis:

    • It is the union of two arterial branches that supply the same region.

15. Cardiac muscle.

    • Infarction or heart muscle consists of striated muscle fibers shorter and less circular than skeletal muscle fibers.

16. Arteriovenous anastomoses:

    • Is direct communication between an artery and a venule so that no blood flows through the capillary network.

17. Stroke volume

    • Is the volume of blood pumped by a ventricle in shrinkage.

18. Anastomosis.

    • It is called anastomosis to the union of two or more vessels.

19. Plateau.

    • In a second phase, slow calcium channel that open facilitate the entry of calcium ions into myocardial fiber.

20. Vascular resistance.

    • Vascular resistance is the force that resists the flow of blood, primarily as a result of this friction against the vessel wall.

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