4161162
Descrição
Mapa Mental por Shpat Agushi, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Shpat Agushi
mais de 8 anos atrás
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FREE WILL
AND
DETERMINISM
- Freedom and moral respnsibility
- We should be morally responsible for actions that we freely perform. For example, if
someone is forced at gun point to commit an immoral act, he is not blameworthy
(morally responsible). We can only hold people morally responsible for actions that are
freely undertaken.
- We should be morally responsible for actions that we freely perform. For example, if
someone is forced at gun point to commit an immoral act, he is not blameworthy
(morally responsible). We can only hold people morally responsible for actions that are
freely undertaken.
- What is
Determinism
- Hard Determinism
- A concept that says that choices and actions are determined by other events or actions prior to
the choice. Therefore we can't be morally responsible as all of our actions have a prior cause, and
so are predetermined so we don't have free will. Because we don't have free will we aren't
morally responsible.
- CASE STUDY:
CLARENCE
DARROW
- Clarence Darrow defended two young men Leopold and Richard from charge of
murder by arguing that their crime was predetermined by their upbringing and
so the murderers weren't morally responsible.
- Clarence Darrow defended two young men Leopold and Richard from charge of
murder by arguing that their crime was predetermined by their upbringing and
so the murderers weren't morally responsible.
- PHILOSOPHER:
TED HONDERICH
- Ted Honderich: Everything is determined so we have no choice in our actions so we can't be
morally responsible. He uses the example of saying our mind is the effect of our brain activity and
so is predetermined. Honderich therefore believes we shouldn't be punished at all as our actions
are predetermined so we have no free will so we shouldn't be morally responsible.
- Ted Honderich: Everything is determined so we have no choice in our actions so we can't be
morally responsible. He uses the example of saying our mind is the effect of our brain activity and
so is predetermined. Honderich therefore believes we shouldn't be punished at all as our actions
are predetermined so we have no free will so we shouldn't be morally responsible.
- A concept that says that choices and actions are determined by other events or actions prior to
the choice. Therefore we can't be morally responsible as all of our actions have a prior cause, and
so are predetermined so we don't have free will. Because we don't have free will we aren't
morally responsible.
- Example: The white ball causally determines the black ball
to go into the hole. - Sufficient reason.
- The view that all events are
determined by other prior events.
- Determinism is influenced by Newton's laws of motion of cause
and effect Newton claimed that the universe was a closed system
and everything in it can be explained.
- Determinism is influenced by Newton's laws of motion of cause
and effect Newton claimed that the universe was a closed system
and everything in it can be explained.
- The view that all events are
determined by other prior events.
- Soft
Determinism
- Some of our actions are determined but we are
morally responsible.
- Free will is not compatible with fatalism which is about how nobody
can change the course of events, but free will is compatible with
determinism (universal causation).
- Free will is not compatible with fatalism which is about how nobody
can change the course of events, but free will is compatible with
determinism (universal causation).
- Actions are caused because if they weren't then they would be unpredictable
and random. According to soft determinists we are free in making choices
when we aren't forced by external pressure.
- Two types of causes
- Internal causes are those that lead to voluntary actions of
free will, based on a person's desires. For example, when you
eat, you eat because you are hungry.
- External causes are those that lead to involuntary actions where you are
forced. For example, when you are held at gun point and forced to rob a bank.
- Internal causes are those that lead to voluntary actions of
free will, based on a person's desires. For example, when you
eat, you eat because you are hungry.
- Two types of causes
- DAVID HUME
- Also believed that every act had to be
caused otherwise they would be random and
unpredictable.
- He also said that free will is the internal cause. He
demonstrated this with the example of Locke's man.
- Locke's man in the locked room voluntarily stays there as he
doesn't know the room is locked.
- So according to Hume, as long as we are not
constrained by external factors, we are acting out of
free will so we are morally responsible.
- So according to Hume, as long as we are not
constrained by external factors, we are acting out of
free will so we are morally responsible.
- Locke's man in the locked room voluntarily stays there as he
doesn't know the room is locked.
- He also said that free will is the internal cause. He
demonstrated this with the example of Locke's man.
- Also believed that every act had to be
caused otherwise they would be random and
unpredictable.
- Some of our actions are determined but we are
morally responsible.
- Hard Determinism
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