Mapa mental

12.2 PASSING ON INFORMATION

Adelaida Granados Espanhol

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REACTION AND DECISIONS
- Expressions for Agreeing and Disagreeing
  - Stating an opinion
    - In my opinion...
    - The way I see it...
    - If you want my honest opinion....
    - According to Lisa...
    - As far as I'm concerned...
  - Asking for an opinon
    - What's your idea?
    - What are your thoughts on all of this?
    - How do you feel about that?
    - Do you have anything to say about this?
    - What do you think?
    - Do you agree?
    - Wouldn't you say?
  - Expressing agreement
    - I couldn't agree with you more.
    - That's so true.
    - You're absolutely right.
    - That's exactly how I feel.
    - I'm afraid I agree with James.
    - Exactly.
  - Expressing disagreement
    - I don't think so.
    - I'm afraid I disagree.
    - I beg to differ.
    - (strong) I'd say the exact opposite.
    - That's not always true.
    - No, I'm not so sure about that.
  - Interruptions
    - Can I add something here?
    - Is it okay if I jump in for a second?
    - If I might add something...
    - Can I throw my two cents in?
REPORTED SPEECH
- The structure is a little different depending on whether you want to transform a statement, question or request.
  - Statements
    - When transforming statements, check whether you have to change:
      - pronouns
      - present tense verbs (3rd person singular)
      - place and time expressions
      - tenses (backshift)
      - Type
        direct speech
        “I speak English.”
        reported speech (no backshift)
        He says that he speaks English.
        reported speech (backshift)
        He said that he spoke English.
  - Questions
    - When transforming questions, check whether you have to change:
      - pronouns
      - present tense verbs (3rd person singular)
      - place and time expressions
      - tenses (backshift)
      - Also note that you have to:
        transform the question into an indirect question
        use the interrogative or if / whether
      - Type
        with interrogative
        direct speech
        “Why don’t you speak English?”
        reported speech
        He asked me why I didn’t speak English.
        without interrogative
        direct speech
        “Do you speak English?”
        reported speech
        He asked me whether / if I spoke English.
  - Requests
    - When transforming questions, check whether you have to change:
      - pronouns
      - place and time expressions
      - Type
        direct speech
        “Carol, speak English.“
        reported speech
        He told Carol to speak English.
- Additional Information and Exeptions
  - Apart from the above mentioned basic rules, there are further aspects that you should keep in mind, for example:
    - main clauses connected with and / but
    - tense of the introductory clause
    - reported speech for difficult tenses
    - exeptions for backshift
    - requests with must, should, ought to and let’s