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Kant- Deontology

Sheree Inglês

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Kant- Deontology

Background
- Strictly religious
- Never travelled more than 100 miles
- Sought a middle way between rationalism and empiricism
- Deontology- based on duty, not love or compassion (not found in morality)
Duty
- Acting morally= your duty=obey moral law
- Cared little about outcomes
- Not our duty to do things we are unable to do- Duty= realistic
- 'Ought implies can'- morality= perscriptive
- Duty leads to summum bomum. Need immorality & God BUT reject theological arguments
- Fulfil our duty- act on opportunity, not be selective, when you can, do!
The Moral Law
- Objective, know through reason
- Moral rules exist- know without reference
- Moral statements= a priori synthetic
- Morals gained by reason not experience BUT may be right/ wrong
- Rational beings determine to a prior synthetic laws because you can't move from is to ought
The Three principles
- Categorical imperative
  - Universal
  - Experience gives hypothetical imperative- is/ought
  - Categorical imperative precedes experience
  - Certain actions are logically inconsistent and would make no sense as universal laws
  - Act as if maxim were to become universal law
- Treat humans as ends not means
  - Rational beings are ends
  - Humans= precious and at centre of universe
  - Humans= autonomous with their own goals
  - Ends promote euqality
- Kingdom of ends
  - Act as if everyone were treating eachother as ends
  - Moral principles= universal to all rational agents
  - Maxims e.g. I lie as others lie, make world intolerable
  - Act on rules where everyone treated the same= fair society
Evaluation
- Strengths
  - Distinguishes between duty and preference
  - Humans given intrinsic worth
  - International law based on acts
  - Reliable system of rules- universal
- Weakneses
  - Consequences may be sever it is better to break rule
  - Duties may conflict- Ross Prima Facie Duties
  - Maxims= tricky to apply, which maxim for which act
  - Different sense of morality