External Migration

External Migration

1. USA - Mexico

   • Effect on migrants
     • Mexicans benefit from the Us economy, and Mexican culture has enrich the US with food, language and music.
   • Consequences on host country
     • Illegal migration costs the USA millions of dollars for border patrols and prisons. Mexicans are seen as a drain on the USA economy. Migrant workers keep wages low which affects Americans. They cause problems in cities due cultural and racial issues. Mexican migrants benefit the US economy by working for low wages. Mexican culture has enriched the US border states with food, language and music. The incidents of TB has been increasing greatly due to the increased migration
   • Consequences on country of origin
     • The Mexican countryside has a shortage of economically active people. Many men emigrate leaving a majority of women who have trouble finding marraige partners. Young people tend to migrate leaving the old and the very young. Legal and illegal immigrants together send some $6 billion a year back to Mexico. Certain villages such as Santa Ines have lost 2/3 of its inhabitants
   • Reasons
     • In Mexico - Poor medical facilities. Adult literacy rates 55% - poor education prospects. Life expectancy 72 yrs. 40% Unemployed. 42,000 violent drugs deaths since 2006. In the US - Excellent medical facilities - 400 per doctor. Well paid jobs. Adult literacy rates 99% - good education prospects. Life expectancy 76 yrs. Low crime rates. Many jobs available for low paid workers such as Mexicans.

2. France - Algeria

   • Reasons
     • Better living conditions, better economy and France has more opportunities to find a job
   • Effects on migrants
     • Positive benefits include a paid job, home, car, education, health care, and improved skills. Often face hardship, poor living conditions & discrimination. They tend to have the highest rates of unemployment, lowest average incomes and live in the poorest housing. They often live in separate communities in poor urban areas.
   • Consequences on country of origin
     • Overcrowding is reduced and there can be less pressure on social services & health care. Money sent home from abroad (remittances) helps the remaining relatives. The loss of economically active people can be damaging, with fewer people left local businesses face a falling demand for their goods & services. Many people left behind are either very young or very old which create an additional burden for the economy and the working population.
   • Concequences on host country
     • Immigration can bring costs & benefits. The inflow of people fill labour shortages. Migration adds to the cultural diversity of a country. It can create social tension, especially if unemployment is high. Prejudice, discrimination and ethnic conflict can follow. With refugees it can be difficult to house & feed them.

3. Indonesia

   • Reasons
     • The government wants to ease the population pressure on the island of Java. Possibility of developing remote islands
   • Consequences on country of origin
     • Transmigration has done little to remove problems of over-population, because migrants are returning to Java after only a small success in the islands
   • Consequences on host country
     • 3 million people moved to those places which put pressure on the islands.Thousands of acres of the rainforest Have been cleared which caused soil erosion. There are also frictions between the immigrants and the indigenous population.
   • Effect on migrants
     • Many of the migrants fail to make a living and life becomes harder than it was in Java.