Dentifrices

Dentifrices

1. History

   • 1st tooth paste-Eqypt; made of pumice pwdr. w/ wine vinegar; some w/ iris flowers
   • made from crushed bone, egg shells, oyster shells, pwdr bark, charcoal, chalk
   • Fluoride (1st major active ingredient) intro 2 TP in 1914
   • 1955 TP choice was just Crest or Colgate
   • Now avail. in paste, pwdr, gel, liquid

2. Ingredients

   • 3 main ingredients
     • Abrasives 20-60%
       • aids in cleaining, remove stained pellicle, polishing
       • ex: inorganic salts-silicas, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, alumina trihydrate
     • Humectants 20-60%
       • retains moisture, prevents dentifrice from drying out & microbial growth
       • ex: sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, glycerine
     • water 15-50%
       • acts as solvent to dissolve solid cmpds/salts
   • detergents 1-2%
     • Foaming properties, lowers sfx tension to penetrate debris, lossen/suspend plaque
       • ex: Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS)
         • allergies
   • binder 1-2%
     • prevent ingredient separ., thickens product
       • ex: xanthum gum, carboxymethylcellulose alginate
   • flavoring agents 0.5-1.5%
     • sweetens & mask bitter tasting ingred.
       • ex: peppermint/wintergreen oil, sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol
   • coloring agents 0.5-3%
     • visually appealing, opacifiers create visual diff bet. paste and gel
       • vegetable oils, titantated mica for sparkle