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48494
ketones
Descrição
Chemistry Mapa Mental sobre ketones, criado por lily anna stokes em 17-04-2013.
Sem etiquetas
chemistry
chemistry
Mapa Mental por
lily anna stokes
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
lily anna stokes
aproximadamente 11 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
ketones
Suffix '-one'
Parent chain is longest unbranched Carbon chain
C=O is numbered to show position so the smallest no. is used
Reacts
Different to alkenes as O in C=O is more elecronegative than C
Creates a Dipole as bonded electrons are drawn towards O
Reduction
Reduced to secondary alcohols by naBH4
By neucleophillic Addition
BH4- ion acts as hydride ion source (:H-)
Electron defficient C+ in polar C=O gets attacked by :H-
At same time C=O breaks producing a negatively charged intermediate
Intermediate donates electron pair to a H from H2O
This forms a dative covalent bond and a OH-
The organic addition product is an alcohol
C-C=O
Aromatics
Pehnylethanone
Production
Oxidised from secondary alcohols, CANNOT be oxidised further
Suitable oxidising agent acidified dichromate; H+/Cr2O7 2-
Tests
2,4-DNP (Brady's reagent)
Yellow or Orange precipitate is formed
No precipitate formed with COOH or O=C-O
Precipitate Is impure so is filtred and recrystallised to produce a pure sample
Filtred again and left to dry
Melting point is measured and recorded
Melting point compared to known samples on a database
Confirms C=O functional group
Tollens' Reagent
No reaction indicates a Ketone is present
Made by addition of NaOH(aq) to AgNO3(aq) until brown silver oxide precipitate is formed
Dilute NH39aq) added until precipitate dissolves
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