LISTENING COMPREHENSION..

LISTENING COMPREHENSION..

1. examine the and how language is used to convey meaning.

2. LISTENING

   • ability to receive and decode oral communication by processing a language sample
     • by processing a language simple
       • process
         • reception, or the decoding of input
         • production, involving predicting and compensating.
         • listener
           • Perception
             • uses linguistic knowledge
               • makes sense of the sounds
                 • segment sounds into familiar units
                   • recognize and use intonation
                     • indicate word boundaries
                       • segment the flow of speech into meaningful parts
           • decoding
             • makes sense of the message
               • taking in chunks and not just sentences
                 • chunk should be recognised as meaningful and understood on reception
                   • held in short term memory long enough
                     • related to what has gone before or what follows
                       • come pieces of information
                         • stored in the long-term memory for later recall.
                         • recognising lexical meaning
                           • perceiving grammatical relationships
                             • word order
                             • tense markers
                             • structure words
                             • cohesive devices
           • prediction and selection
             • prediction
               • helps the listener to listen without straining to catch every word
             • selection
               • process of sifting information and retrieving relevant information in a mass of data

3. involves the learner in listening to the message

4. Uniqueness of listening

   • important characteristics of listening comprehension
     • are characteristics of all forms of language comprehension
       • children’s language is characterised by exophoric reference
       • exophoric reference, or reference to a shared world knowledge

5. Real-life listening

   • recognize a list of types of listening
     • different real-life situations
       • their purpose
         • expectation
           • response
             • visibility to the speaker
               • environmental clues
                 • shortness and inform al speech

6. teaching listening

   • increase motivation
     • allow input to the comprehensible
       • incorporating paralinguistic gestures
         • provide useful learning material

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