Nadia Burns Her Hands

Burns
1. Types
  1. Thermal
    1. Chemical
      1. Radiology
        Electrical
        Inhalational
        Friction
2. Complications
  1. Local
    1. Systemic
3. Degrees
  1. 1st Degree
    1. ONLY Epidermis
    2. Pain / Sun burn / Healing occurs
  2. 2nd Degree
    1. Epidermis & part of dermis
    2. Pain / Blister / Healing occurs
  3. 3rd Degree
    1. Full thickness / Epidermis & Dermis
    2. NO pain / Tissue damage / Healing MIGHT occur ( depends on the severity )
  4. 4th Degree
    1. Full thickness , sub-dermal tissue -into- muscles & bones
    2. Painless / Amputation / Functional impairment / Gangrene / Death
4. Cell Injury
  1. Caused by
    1. Electricity
    2. Radiation
    3. Chemicals
      1. Heat
5. Signs & symptoms
  1. Redness
    1. Swelling
      1. White or splotchy skin
        Waxy or leathery skin
        Carbon monoxide poisoning
        Blister
        Types
        Bug bite blister
        Friction blister
        Cold & heat blister
        Hand-foot and mouth blister
        Contact Dermatitis
        Fever Blister
        Virus Blister
6. Necrosis
  1. Types
    1. Coagulative Necrosis
      1. Liquefactive Necrosis
        Gangrenous Necrosis
        Caseous Necrosis
        Fat Necrosis
        Fibrinoid Necrosis
  2. Nuclear changes
  3. Cytoplasmic changes
    1. increased Eosinophilia
      1. Glassy Appearance
        Swollen Mitochondria
Bacterial resistance
1. Resists by
  1. Preventing the antibiotic from getting to its target
  2. Changing the target
  3. Destroying the antibiotic
    1. by Enzymes
2. Gained by
  1. Getting a copy of gene-encoding an altered protein or an enzyme
    1. How
      1. By scavenging DNA remnants from degraded bacteria
        Microbes can join together & exchange DNA to each other
      2. One plasmid can encode resistance to many different antibiotics
        Through transposon
Innate Body defense
1. 1st line of defense
  1. Mechanical and chemical barriers
    1. Skin & mucous Membranes
2. 2nd line of defense
  1. Mediated by cells & molecules
    1. Antimicrobial proteins
      1. Interferons
        C-proteins
    2. Natural killing cells
    3. Phagocytes
    4. Inflammation
      1. types
        Acute
        Chronic
      2. Triggered by
        Immune reactions
        Tissue Necrosis
        Trauma
        forge in bodies
        Infections
      3. Outcome
        Healing
        Chronic inflammation
      4. changes
        Cellular
        Vascular
      5. Steps
        Removal of agents
        Phagocystosis / Bacterial killing
        Control the response
        Requirement of leukocytes
        Adhesion
        Transmigration
        Chemotaxis
        Margination & rolling
        Recognition of the injurious agent
        PRR
        Resolution (Repair)
        Fibrosis
        Deposition of collagen
        Healing of skin wound
        By first intention
        By second intention
        Factors affecting repair
        Nutriton
        Glucocorticoids
        Mechanical variables
        Scar formation
        Steps
        1 Angiogenesis
        2. Formation one granular tissue
        3. Scars remodel
        In case of
        Severe injuries
        Regeneration
        In case of
        Superficial injuries
        Types of tissue
        Stable tissue
        Labile tissue
        Permanent tissue
3. Nonspecific defense mechanisms against harmful agents
Burn Infections
1. Skin & wound cultures
  1. Bacterial , Fungal , Viral
    1. Normal skin flora
Anti-Microbial agents
1. Bactericidal / Bacteriostatic
2. Site of action
  1. Classifications
    1. Cell Membrane Function
    2. Metabolic Pathways
    3. Nucleic Acid Synthesis
    4. Protein Synthesis
    5. Cell Wall Synthesis
Psychological Aspects of Burn Patients
1. Anxiety
  1. Depression
2. Embarrassment
  1. Helplessness

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Nadia Burns Her Hands

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	Criado por Menna Emam mais de 7 anos atrás