Central Dogma

Replication
1. DNA to DNA
2. Enzyme: DNA polymerase
3. Template: DNA strand
  1. Semiconservative Replication
    1. one strand acts as template for synthesis of other
4. Substrates: Primer, dNTPs
5. Causes of Error
  1. # of copies of genes and chromosomes
  2. New alleles of genes are created - Mutations
    1. Changes in the DNA sequence of gene (#/order of ATCG)
    2. Spontaneously due to errors in replication
    3. Exposure to mutagens
    4. Example: a-actinin 3
      1. mutation in gene: premature stop codon so no a actinin 3 is made
        Do better in endurance sports!
  3. Changes in expression patter: Epigenetics
Transciption
1. DNA to RNA
2. Enzyme: RNA polymerase
3. Template: DNA coding strand
4. substrates: NTP
Translation
1. RNA to Protein
2. Enzyme: Ribosome
3. Template: mRNA
4. Substrates: amino acids, tRNA
Gene
1. Fundamental unit of biological information
  1. Chemical: part of a long double stranded polymer of DNA
2. Made of
  1. Nucleic acids
    1. Nucleotides: Base, sugar, phosphate
      1. Bases
        Purines
        Adenine (2)
        Guanine (3)
        Pyrimidines
        Cytosine (3)
        Thymine (2)
        "y"
      2. Phosphodiester bonds
3. Genetic variability
  1. differences in DNA bases within a population

Resumo de Recurso

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