Linguistic knowledge

Linguistic knowledge

1. Genre knowledge

   • Determined by the purpose of the text, with features of that particular type of text following from its purpose. For example, an advertise.

2. Transactional

   • Interpersonal
     • Multiple roles people assume during the procces of communication. For example, oner person can recive and give the message.
   • Is the exchange of messages between sender and receiver where each take turns to send or receive messages. For example, sender and reciver in a normal communication situation.

3. Service encounters

   • This are transactional interactions in which one person provides a service or good to another person. For example, greetings, leave takings, requests, and offers

4. Genre

   • Genres are types of spoken and written discourse recognized by a discourse community. Examples are lectures, conversations, speeches, notices, advertisements, novels, diaries, shopping lists.

5. Interactive/ Non-interactive

   • Planned/ Unplanned
     • Here is unplanned, the activity is not ready and students have the freedom to speak. For exmaple, a debate.
     • Planned is already done, the student will follow something arleady planned. For example, a speech
   • Interactive is the interaction of two or more persons acting upon or in close relation with each other; interacting
   • The definition is acting one upon or with the other. But for linguistic i guess is more in non-verbal talking.

6. Discourse knowledge

   • Discourse competence
     • Discourse marker
       • Discourse markers are words or phrases that we use to connect, organise and manage what we say or write or to express attitude. For example: "Like, so, well, mind you"
     • Refers to the way ideas are linked across sentences or utterances. We use two main aspects to undestand Discourse Competence: Coherence and Cohesion. For example Do you work here?’ ‘Yes, I do.'
   • Is that mental thinking that you need to understand what is happening, for example when you hear an information and analize who, where and why is something happening.

7. Pragmatic knowledge

   • The ability to use language effectively in a contextually appropriate fashion. For example, Flying can be dangerous

8. Speech acts

   • Register
     • Grammar
       • Grammar indicates the structure and interpretation of sentences which native speakers of a language accept as belonging to the language. For example, when we use present progress " I am watching the news"
     • You use speech appropriate to the person to whom you are speaking and his or her context. For example, for a friend you say "what's up?" but for your boss is something diferent and formal.
   • Is an utterance defined in terms of a speaker's intention and the effect it has on a listener. For example "Is not a good idea what you are planning"

9. Vocabulary

   • Chunks
     • Paratone
       • A particular sequence of intonation units by which a speaker conveys information concerning sentence-type, sentence-breaks, etc For example a question "How are you today?"
     • Groups of words that can be found together in language, for example "once upon a time"
   • The words that exist in a particular language or subject, for example: tall, kitchen, book.

10. Adjacency pair

    • Deitic language
      • Is a word or phrase that points to the time, place, or situation in which a speaker is speaking. For example, this, that, these.
    • An adjacency pair is a unit of conversation that contains an exchange of one turn each by two speakers. For example, a question–answer pair

11. Refers to the unconscious knowledge of grammar that allows a speaker to use and understand a language. For example, when a person judge a sentence and understand the subject or the verb.