Statistics Applied

Statistics Applied

1. Kaoru Ishikawa

   • 'democratize quality':
     • Seven Basic Tools
       • method of sampling from a population.
         • every element in the population must be assigned to only one stratum.
           • Then random or systematic sampling is applied within each stratum.
             • that estimates can be made with equal accuracy
       • Cause and Effect Diagrams
         • Fishbone Diagrams
           • consider all the likely causes of a problem,
         • Ishikawa
           • finding the root cause
             • combining brainstorming techniques with graphical analysis
               • places the effect at one end
       • Control Charts
         • Shewhart charts
         • process-behaviour charts
           • Inndicates that the process is currently under control
             • Can be used to predict the future
               • part of an objective and disciplined approach
                 • change process control parameters
               • correct decisions regarding control of the process,
       • histogram
         • distribution of data.
           • estimate of the probability distribution of a continuous variable
             • used to plot density of data
               • In general more accurately reflect the underlying variable.
       • Check Street
         • document used for collecting data in real-time
           • quick, easy, and efficient recording of the desired information,
             • 5 Basic types of Check Sheets
           • data is recorded by making marks
       • Scatter Plots
         • mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates
           • display values for two variables
             • guaranteed to generate a correct solution
               • for arbitrary relationships.
           • A scatter plot can suggest various kinds of correlations between variables
       • Paretto charts
         • contains both bars and a line graph
           • individual values are represented in descending orde
             • highlight the most important among a set of factors
               • function is a concave function
                 • quality control, it often represents the most common sources of defects,

2. Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers (JUSE)