HAMAD AT THE COOPERATIVE

HAMAD AT THE COOPERATIVE

1. 70 years old, retired, married -CC: loss of consciousness

2. Causes of Syncope

3. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

4. Glasgow coma scale

5. Cardiac conduction system

6. Electrocardiogram

   • components
     • MONITOR
     • ELECTRODS
   • normal ECG
   • Leads
   • Abnormal ECG

7. Sick sinus syndrome

   • Pathophysiology
     • affects SA node
     • cause
       • idiopathic age-related fibrosis and cell atrophy leading to changes in the electrophysiology of the SAN
     • manifestation
       • Bradycardia
       • asystolic pause
     • lead to
       • dizziness and syncope
   • diagnosis
     • Holter monitor
     • Exercise testing
     • Intracardiac electrophysiologic tests
   • Signs and symptoms
     • Asymptomatic but may feel
       • Fatigue
       • Weakness
       • Dizziness
       • Lightheadedness
       • Fainting
       • Short breath
   • Risk factors
   • Prognosis
     • Patients who have sick sinus syndrome with only sinus bradycardia have a better prognosis.
   • treated with Pacemakers
     • types
       • by number of leads
         • One lead
         • 2 leads
         • 3 leads (CRT)
       • implantation period
         • Temporary
           • Heart attack
           • Emergency
           • Over-dose
           • Heart surgery
         • Permanent
           • Long term problems
     • Risks of the procedure
       • Bleeding from the incision or catheter insertion site
       • Damage to the vessel at the catheter insertion site
       • Infection
       • Pneumothorax
     • Indications
     • precautions after implantation

8. Anti-arrhythmic Drugs

   • Class I (Na+ Channel Blockers)
   • Class II (B Blockers)
   • Class III (K+ channel Blockers)
   • Class IV (Ca++ channel blockers)

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