Compounds and mixtures

Compounds and mixtures

1. seperation

   • simple distillation
     • separating a liquid from a dissolved solid and getting both left over
     • • 1) use a burner to heat up solution
       • 2)liquid will evaporate
       • 3)liquid rises up tube, but doesn't escape as 4) there is a stopper, that acts as a thermometer
       • 5)vapour runs down tube
       • 6) and 7)stays in from cold water coming in and out, condenses it.
       • 8) liquid is left in the other container
   • evaporation
     • separating the solid from a solution, liquid lost
     • heat solution to boiling point of liquid, left with solid
   • filtration
     • separating a mixture where the solid isn't disolved
     • get filter paper, pour solution through
   • fractional distillation
     • separating two liquids with different boiling points
     • liquid with lower boiling point evaporated, same as simple distilation
   • chromatography
     • separating dissolved solids, eg. felt pens
     • draw a line on paper, draw dots of pens
     • put in water, different colours seperate

2. properties of mixtures and compounds

   • mixtures
     • not chemically joined
     • same properties as individual chemicals
     • can easily be separated
   • compounds
     • chemically joined
     • different properties to individual chemicals
     • not easily seperated

3. materials

   • composites
     • different materials stuck together (TWO OR MORE)
     • eg. wood chips and glue
     • properties of each materials
   • polymers
     • long strings of molecules
     • plastic bags
     • take a long time to decompose
   • ceramics
     • baked at high temerature
     • bathroom tiles
     • very brittle

4. MAKING COMPOUNDS

   • RULE 1
     • IF TWO IDENTICAL ELEMENTS COMBINE, THEIR NAME DOESN'T CHANGE
       • EG. O2
         • ALWAYS IN PAIR
   • RULE 2
     • WHEN HYDROGEN + OXYGEN COMBINE IN A 3 THE NAME ENDS IN HYDROXIDE
       • EG. POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE
   • RULE 3
     • WHEN 3 + ELEMENTS COMBINE, ONE OXYGEN, ENDS IN ATE
       • EG. COPPER SULPHATE
   • RULE 4
     • WHEN 2 ELEMENTS JOIN THE NAME IS USUALLY IDE
       • MAGNESZIUM OXIDE

5. SOLUTIONS

   • SOLUTE
     • SOLID EG. SALT
   • SOLVENT
     • LIQUID EG. WATER
   • SOLUTION
     • MIXTURE OF BOTH EG. SEA SALT
   • SOLUBLE
     • DISOLVES IN WATER
   • INSOLUBLE
     • DOESN'T DISOLVE
   • SATURATED
     • NO MORE ROOM FOR SOLUTE

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