Classical Conditioning Mechanisms Part 2

Classical Conditioning Mechanisms Part 2

1. SS and SR Theories stress the importance of the US and the CS.

2. Newer Models and Theories

   • Rescorla-Wagner Model
     • Determines the strength of an association on a trial by trial basis.
       • Two factors determine associative strength
         • The subject’s expectation
         • The salience of the US
       • Mathematical Model
         • V=CS salience (US salience-0)= % 2nd Trial: V=CS salience(US salience-%)=%% %+%%=Trial 2 %
       • Six Rules
   • Attentional Model
     • Cocktail Party Phenomenon (all about attention)
     • Associations formed on a trial by trial basis
     • CS salience and attention to CS determine associations
     • Procedures or expereinces that distract attention from CS disrupt learning
     • No difficulty explaining blocking
   • Rate Estimation Theory
     • Associations are formed based on the temporal relationship between the CS and US Interval relative to the Trial Duration
     • Scalar Expectancy theory or Relative-Waiting-Time Hypothesis
       • The association strength is determine or can be scaled by comparing the CS-US Interval with the Trial Duration The difference between the CS-US interval and the Trial Duration is the relative-waiting-time.
   • Comparator Hypothesis
     • All stimuli within a context develop some association
     • Strength is determine by comparing:
       • The association between the target CS and the US
       • And other stimuli (or comparators) in the environment
   • Connectionist Model
     • Conceptual Nervous System
     • Associations formed in neural networks
     • Response comes from activation across a network
       • Spreading Activation Model
       • Supported by Priming
     • The Delta Rule
   • Behavior Systems Approach
     • Stimuli are not neutral
     • Stimuli have biological significance
     • The strength of the association is, in part, determined by the CS-US Relevance or Belongingness

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