How the kidneys maintain homeostasis

How the kidneys maintain homeostasis

1. Regulating blood electrolyte composition by excreting excess ions into the urine

2. Regulating blood pH by excreting/conserving H+ or bicarbonate ions

3. Maintaining blood osmolality (osmotic pressure/concentration) by excreting excessive ions into the urine

4. Producing hormones: EPO, calcitriol, and produces the enzyme renin which leads to the production of angiotensin & aldosterone

5. Regulating blood glucose - only indirectly; can’t reabsorb excess glucose

6. Regulating blood volume by conserving or eliminating water

7. Regulating blood pressure (by regulating blood volume & by RAAS, ANP)

8. Excreting waste products: ammonia, urea