Acid-Base Balance

Acid-Base Balance

1. Acidosis

   • When to many hydrogen ions are present, pH less than 7.35, acidic solution, Respiratory Acidosis and Metabolic Acidosis

2. Alkalosis

   • When few hydrogen ions present, Basic or alkaline solution, pH greater than 7.45,Respiratory Alkalosis and Metabolic Alkalosis

3. pH

   • hydrogen ion concentration, scale of 1-14, 7 is neutral, higher pH-alkaline, lower pH- acidic, normal plasma pH; 7.35-7.45, less than 6.8 or greater than 8.0-death

4. Compensation Mechanism

   • Bugger system
   • Respiratory system
   • Renal system

5. CO2

   • Becomes carbonic acid in water, Increases acid

6. Buffers

   • Bicarbonate-extracellular buffer
   • Phosphate buffer-intracellular buffer
   • Protein buffer

7. Normal Values

   • pH 7/35-7.45, PaCO2 35-45 mmHg, HC03 22-26 mEq/L, PaO2 80-100 mmHg, O2 sat 96-100%

8. Alterations

9. Renal Metabolic System

10. Blood Gas Analyisis

11. Respiratory System