Cellular Processes

Cellular Processes

1. Enzymes

   • Factors that affect enzyme activity
     • Temperature
     • pH
     • Substrate concentration
     • Cofactors
     • Inhibitors
   • Model of action
     • Lock and key
     • Induced fit

2. Respiration

   • Phases
     • Phase 1; Glycolysis
     • Phase 2: Krebs cycle
     • Phase 3: Electron transport chain
   • Importance
   • Factors that affect rate
     • Temperature
     • Energy demand of cell
   • Equation

3. Photosynthesis

   • Factors that affect rate
     • Light intensity
     • CO2 concentration
     • Water
     • Temperature
   • Importance
   • Phases
     • Light dependent reactions
     • Light independent reactions
   • Equation

4. Cell Cycle

   • Mitosis
     • Phases
     • Outcome
     • Factors that affect rate
       • Cell type
       • Any factor that affects enzymes
       • Availability of nutrients
   • Growth 1
   • Synthesis
     • DNA replication
       • Key steps
       • Safeguards to ensure exact copying
         • Semi conservative replication
         • Complementary base pairing
   • Growth 2

5. Transport

   • Passive transport
     • Diffusion
       • Facilitated diffusion
       • Osmosis
         • Osmoregulation
           • Animal cells
             • In hypertonic solution
             • In hypotonic solution
             • In isotonic solution
           • Plant cells
             • In isotonic solution
             • In hypotonic solution
             • In hypertonic solution
       • Surface area: volume ratio
         • Adaptations to increase
         • Importance of
   • Active transport
     • Cytosis
       • Endocytosis
         • Phagocytosis
         • Pinocytosis
       • Exocytosis