Morphological Processes and conceptual categories

Morphological Processes and conceptual categories

1. Conceptual categories and the problem of labeling

   • Every language has a sets of roots that differ according to some definable element of meaning
     • - WATCH AND SEE
       • Both are very similar concepts - they both describes scenes in wich someone or something percieves some visual stimolous
       • "Watch" is intentional and "See" is experimental
   • Linguistics make hyphotesesregarding conceptual categories satanding back and making an educated guess about the general function of any grammatical pattern
     • "The better you know a language, the more insightful your linguistic analyses will be"
     • Linguistics must always stive for a balance between inclusivity and communicativity in the way they gloss and represent language data
   • Exist when there is an expectation of patterned behavior. A relationship between variation in form and variation in meaning
     • Derivational VS Inflectional categories
       • Derivational
         • Belong to a different word class than the stem that is in the basis of derivation
           • NOUN to VERB = Glory - Glorify VERB to ADJECTIVE = Drink - Drinkable
       • Inflectional
         • Don't change word clasess and don't adjust the meanings of roots in major ways
           • SINGULAR -> PLURAL = Cat - Cats
           • PRESENT -> PAST = Sing - Sang

2. The "Big ten" morphologycal process

   • -1 Prefixation
     • Involves the addtion of a phoneme - EXhusband - Reevaluate - POSTwar
   • -2 Suffixation
     • Involves de addition of a morpheme - BoyHOOD - KingDOOM - HelpFUL
   • - 3 Infixation
     • Involves the addition of a morpheme in the middle of a root (Infix) - Fan -bloody - tastic
   • - 4 circumfixation
     • Here, one phoneme has two parts, one before the root and another after the root
   • - 5 Stem modification
     • A change in the shape that doesn't involve the addition of any affix - See - Saw
   • - 6 Autosegmental variation
     • It is a change in the shape, it is about the stress tone - Permit - Pérmit
   • - 7 Reduplication
     • Involves the repetition of part of all of the root
   • - 8 Non-concatenative morphology
     • Superimposing a pattern of vowel and possibly other morphologycal pieces
   • - 9 Sustractive morphology
     • One or more segments are omitted from a word
   • -10 Compounding
     • Inolves combining roots to form new stems - Sister - in - law

3. Methods for representing morphological process

   • Three methods for representing morphological processes and conceptual categories include
     • PROSE
       • When doing morphosyntactic analysis, it's very important to be explicit, and sometimes grammatical patterns are so complex
     • POSITION CLASS-DIAGRAM
       • Is a variation on a general approach to morphological stucture that is called the item and arrangement model
     • PROSES RULES
       • Is a representation that describes relationships among the various shapes of words

4. "Past tense" - "Plural" - "Masculine" and many others elements of meaning are conceptual categories that are often expressed morphologically in the world's language"

5. Three analytical methods that linguists use to represent and analyze morphological patterns

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