CR 1: Know Your ECGs

CR 1: Know Your ECGs

1. Keywords

   • ECG (Electrocardiogram)
     • Bradycardia
       • Ventricular Rate
         • Arrythmia
           • Saw-tooth Flutter Waves
             • Syncope
               • Tachycardia
                 • A HR that exceeds the normal range. >100 beats/min
               • A transient (short) loss of consciousness. Fainting/ Passing out
             • Atrial Flutter. Characterised by an atrial rate of ~ 300/min (range 200-400), visible as sawtooth (flutter) waves instead of P-waves. The AV node blocks a certain amount of the 300 flutter waves: a 2:1 block will give ventricular (QRS) rate of 150/min; 3:1- 100/min; 4:1- 75/min etc.
           • An irregular heat beat (too fast/ slow/ irregular/ early/ late)
         • The rate at which the ventricular contracts
       • Abnormally slow heart beat (<60 beats/ min- adult)
     • A recording of the electrical activity of the heart used to reflect underlying heart conditions

2. The HEART

   • Anatomy
   • Cardiac Conduction System
     • Action Potentials spread from the SA node to the AV node, causing atrial depolarisation
       • Atrial depolarisation (P wave), induces ATRIAL SYSTOLE
         • Action potentials spread through the bundle of His; branches & Purkinje fibres causing VENTRICULAR DEPOLARISATION
           • Ventricular depolarisation (QRS Complex); inducing Ventricular Systole

3. ECG

4. Patient 1

   • LEAD II
     • No relationship between P waves & the QRS complexes. Ventricular Rate- Slight bradycardia. Some sort of arrhythmia.

5. Patient 2

   • LEAD II
     • The atrial rate showed significant tachycardia. Much lower ventricular rate. Saw-tooth flutter waves (Leads II, III, aVF). Another sort of arrhythmia.

6. Patient 3

   • 12 LEAD ECG
     • Normal sinus rhythm. Abnormal QT inteterval. Periodic bouts of syncope.
       • The QT interval duration is normally between 350-440 seconds.
         • Some individuals only get QT prolongation after the administration of certain meds.

Imagens e arquivos do mapa