LOADING

LOADING

1. SEISMIC LOADS

2. WIND LOADS

   • TUNNEL
   • STABILITY

3. GRAVITY LOADS

   • STATIC
     • DEAD
     • IMPOSED
   • DYNAMIC

4. TEMPERATURE LOADS

   • AS SELF STRAINING LOAD
   • ACCURATE PREDICTIONS ARE PROBLEMATIC

5. CONSTRUCTION LOADS

   • INCORPORATING CONSTRUCTION LOAD IN DESIGN PLANS
     • DOCUMENT
     • CLEARLY
     • FASTER
     • CHANGE
   • LOAD IMPACT FROM TEMPORARY TOWER CRANES

6. ACCIDENTIAL LOAD AND DISPROPORTIONATE COLLAPSE

   • INCORPORATING GENERAL ROBUSTNESS IN DESIGN
   • STATIC ANALYSIS OF A STRUCTURAL MODEL

7. LOAD COMBINATIONS

   • HORIZONTAL
   • DRIFT
   • BUILDING
     • SMALL
     • TALL
       • FRAME
       • BRACING
     • SLENDER

8. IMPOSED LOAD

   • SPACE
   • INTENDED

9. DEAD LOAD

   • SELFWEIGHT
     • FLOOR
     • COLUMNS
     • BEAM
     • WALL
   • WEIGHT OF BUILDING FLEXURES AND FITTINGS
     • FLOOR FINISHES AND TOPPING SCREEDS
     • NON-STRUCTURAL WALL
     • CLADDING LOADS
     • RAISED FLOOR AND CEILINGS
     • UNDER FLOOR HEATING AND PERMANENT WORK