The Three Approaches to Argument!

The Three Approaches to Argument!

1. The Tomlin Approach to Argument

   • Claim
     • The arugment your asking the person to listen to
     • Include important information you want them to know
   • Grounds
     • Data and Facts and your reasoning, support your argument
     • Proof of why they should listen and agree
   • Warrant
     • Make sure your facts are matching up with the arugment
     • This is the WHY to your data
     • These can be based on Logos, Pathos, and Ethos as well as values
   • Backing
     • Additional support for the argument
   • Qualifier
     • You will use, most, usually, always, or sometimes
     • You can be vague or uncertain about your thoughts
   • Rebuttal
     • Present the counter arguments
     • Restate them throughout the argument
     • All these approaches are rebuttals

2. The Classical Approach to Argument

   • Introduction
     • Get the attention of the person reading
     • I want them to want to hear my ideas and consider them
   • Statement of Fact
     • Make the topic clear
     • give any knowledge you have about the topic
   • Proposition
     • state the thesis
     • Give facts and reasoning for your reader
   • Refutation
     • Bring up the opposing argument
     • Point out why that argument is wrong
   • Substantiation and proof
     • Develop your own argument
     • Use, Ethos, Pathos, and Logos and use examples
   • conclusion
     • Summarize the important parts
     • Include your feelings and values

3. The Rogerian Approach to Argument

   • An Introduction
     • Defines the topic
     • This is just Briefly
   • Non judgmental statement of opposing argument
     • Do this with valid points
     • Make it clear you know what your talking about
   • Neutral Statement
     • Explain your opinion and position on the topic
     • Give points that make your opinion VALID
   • Analysis
     • Make sure to add what the 2 sides have in common on the argument
     • Now add goals and values of these 2 sides
   • A Proposal
     • How will you resolve this issue?
     • Make sure to add the interest of both sides into this part