Consonants

Consonants

1. The Phoneme

   • Defined as the smallest distinctive, or contrstive, unit in the sound system of a language.
     • Are abstract, idealised sounds that are never pronounced and never heard.

2. The English Consonant Phonemes

   • Place of Articulation II
     • 1)Bilabial 2)Labiodental 3)Dental/Interdental 4)Alveolar 5)Postalveolar 6)Retroflex 7)Palatoalveolar 8)Palatal 9)Velar 10)Uvular 11)Pharyngeal 12)Epiglottal 13)Glottal
   • Manner of Articulation II
     • 1)Plosives/Stops 2)Affricates 3)Nasal 4)Rolls/Trills 5)Flaps/Taps 6)Fricatives 7)Lateral Fricatives 8)Laterals/Lateral Approximants 9)Approximants

3. The Consonant Table

   • Relevant phonetics symbols in a coordinate system with the places of articulation on the horizontal axis, the manners of articulation along the vertical axis, fortis sounds positioned on the left side of the grid squares, and lenis sounds on the right.

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