6.2 Decolonisation

6.2 Decolonisation

1. 1.The concept of Decolonization

   • The term decolonization was used for the first time by Henri Lebouret
   • L.S. Senghor has defined it as "the abolition of all perjudice
   • For E.J. Osmañczyk,it "The process of winding up the colonial system in the world"
   • Decolonization is understood as the process by which,on the one hand
   • The dominance of the European powers over the rest of the world had disappeared
   • The decolonization process is the beginning of a new era

2. 2.Factors of decolonization

   • The factor,that explain the decolonization and intervene in it

3. 2.1 External factors

   • A.The two world wars were the fundamental events that transformed the colonies and exposed the weaknesses of colonial empires
   • Colonial combatants assimilated the concepts of freedom,equality,sovereignty,and independence,and claimed them for themselves
   • B.The dominating States had promised the granting of higher levels of freedom and access to self-determination
   • C.International organizations.The society of Nations favoured the decolonizing process through the system of mandates for the administration of the colonies of the defeated countries in the IWW
   • The United Nations created the Decolonization Committee
   • D.The United States and the Soviet Union.American president Wilson,in his The Fourteen Points Programme
   • For the Soviet Union,decolonization was a means of facilitating the penetration of Marxist ideology and broadening its orbit of influence
   • E.Solidarity between the colonies
     • A.The Bandung Conference,which was the protagonist of the Asian leaders (Nehru,from India;Gamal Abdel Nasser from egypt,and Sukarno from Indonesia)
     • B.Pan-Africanism,Pan-Asianism,the socalled Arabism or Panislamism played an important role.
     • Pan-Africanism,promoted by K.Nkrumah, resulted of the Organization for African Unity(OAU)
     • Under the direction of J.Nyerere,the OUA advanced in an extraordinary way