Ethics second partial

Ethics second partial

1. MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM ETHICS

   • They help us to understand the ethics and politics relación.
   • Maximum ethics
     • Are defined as the special and specific set of rules. "They try to reach happiness"
   • Minimum ethics:
     • Their goal is to stablish the common ground between all moral systems(máximum ethics). "They seek to ensure freedom." Allow societies to coexist in harmony.
   • Acording to Adela cortina, there are 3 types of societies.
     • Pluralistic societies:
       • "Ideal society", different moral codes coexist in a peacefull convivence.
     • Polytheistic societies:
       • Sets of different beliefs. They do not interact between each other.
     • Monistic societies:
       • Unique moral code shaved by all it´s members.

2. CITIZENSHIP

   • Relation Power-Citizenship:
     • The power must be legitimare. Power without authority becomes tyranny. Some governors did not justify their power
     • By humanity:
       • democracy
     • By divinity:
       • Monarchy
     • By Nature:
       • Aristocracy
   • Relation Dignity-Citizenship:
     • Laws of privacy are designed to protect the dignity of the individual.
     • The state of quality of being worthy of honor or respect: a man of dignity and unbending principle.
     • Dignity + respect = inclusion
   • What does it mean to be a citizen?
     • Citizenshio is the legal status of a individual in the state.
     • Nationality::
       • The place the individual was born. To be a citizen you must posses nationality.
   • Citizenship and democracy:
   • Framework for citizens
     • Legal
       • Birth
         • Born in Mexico
         • Born from Mexican parents
         • Born in Mexican planes or ships.
       • Naturalization
         • Leter from Mexican government.
         • Marrying and living with a Mexican person.
     • Ethical
       • Educate as a citizen.
       • Moral values.
       • Critical thought towards goverment.
       • Know right and ought.
       • Post-conventional thinking.
       • Critical thought towards mass media.

3. ETHICAL PERSPECTIVES:

   • Aristotle:
     • Balance and true happiness, the virtue of achieve it.
     • Highest good.
     • Golden Mean:
       • Regulate the decires.
   • Anarchism:
     • Hierarchy of valúes:
       • Individualism
       • Egocentrism
       • Responsability
       • Freedom
       • Universalism
     • No goverment. No state. Violence. Left ideological position. The most important part is to work
     • Characters:
       • Johann Kaspar Sachmidt, Pierre-Joseph, Mikhail Bakunin, Friederich Nietzsche.
   • Christianity:
     • Characters:
       • St. Agustin and St. Thomas
     • God, Jesus and the Holy spirit.
     • Love of God, fidelity in marriage, peace, humility and forgiveness.
   • Utilitarism:
     • Characters:
       • Jeremy Bentham.
     • No care for consequiences.
     • More happiness.
   • Marxism:
     • Characters:
       • Karl Marx and Friederich Engels.
     • Social, against domination:
       • Indiviaual the most important.
         • Believes on democracy, No capitalismo and opossed inequality and explotaron.
       • World community,.
     • Socialism: Communist society
       • Revolutionary socialismo. Against bourgeoisies and proletariat.
       • Self regulated society.
   • Kantian:
     • Character:
       • Immanuel Kant
     • Law of Nature:
       • Autonomy
       • Law of the End Itself: The Kingdom of Ends.
     • BE/DESIRE
     • Philosophy:
       • Critique of Pure Reason.
       • Practical reason.
       • Power of judgement
   • Existensialism:
     • Opposed to rationalism and empiricism.
       • 1. Essence in existence.
       • 2. Reason is unable to deal with dephts in life.
       • 3. Alineation.
       • 4. Anxiety.
       • 5. Freedom.
       • 6. Encounter with nothingness.
     • Principles:
       • The absud. The other and the look. Authenticy. Existence. Precedes. Essenc., Despair. Angst. Facticity.
     • Characters:
       • Nietzche, Martin Heidegger, Simone de Beauvoir and Jean Paul Sartre.