PRISONS

PRISONS

1. models

   • Pennsylvania: separate and silent system. complete isolation
   • Auburn: inmates and interact but complete silence
   • kingston penitenary(1835)
     • ontario, over flowing, corporal punishment
       • Brown commission (1886) condemned corporal punishment & empathized need for rehab

2. security

   • minimum: 0 fencing, unrestricted movement except @ night
   • medium: more freedom in movement than max
   • maximum: highly controlled environment, lots fencing, everything watched
   • special handling unit (SHU): high risk to self and others (separated)
   • static: security apparatus (cams) (physical)
   • dynamic: interaction b/w staff and inmates

3. terms

   • total institutionalization: handicap all skills/ growth due to highly controlled (cant function in real world)
   • split personality of corrections: due process and reintegration of inmate VS community safety
   • inmate subculture: patterns of interaction/relationships in prison
     • prisonitization: inmates socialized to norms/values of prison
       • state raised offenders: inmates spent majority of life in prison & dont have skills for outside world
         • inmate code: behavioural rules (mind ya business, dont snitch, dont be weak)
           • social roles: fish (new), square johns ( teachers pet), right guys (cool guys), snitches
             • status degredation ceremonies: stripped of personal life/free society going into prison

4. conditions

   • unclean, unsafe, uneducated, lil spending on programs, self-injurious behaviour

5. female offenders

   • prisons made for males and built by males.
   • Arbour report:Kingston prison 1994. documented violations in policy and being man handled by male staff (TOTAL REDO OF SYSTEM)
   • P4W: outdated, not fit for animals, max security for min women, no funding, riot handled poorly

6. correctional officers

   • most contact with inmates, use tech, trained to be sensitive to females
   • enforce policies, lots of moral discretion, 'never trust inmate', lots of stress

7. rehab

   • static risk factors: bad attributes of an offender that cant be changed cause its in the past
   • dynamic risk factors: contemporary factors that can be changed
   • case management: need and abilities of offender matched with program + plan to make it in life
   • throughcare: there should be continuity b/w correctional program and community services for inmates
   • risk factor, needs factor, responsivity, discretion and intergrity of staff

8. release

   • conditional release: release with conditions if breached then returned to prison
   • cold turkey release: warrant expiry date: serve full sentence then release
     • statutory release: 2/3 thru sentence
       • day parole/ full parole: 6 mo or 1/3 into sentence
         • temporary absence: partake in community activities (minimum security)
   • National Parole Board (1959) reviews all records relevant to offender
     • criticisms: no expertise/training/feedback/criteria 4 release
   • lots of pain with re-entry (job, social, famjam)
     • post-incarceration syndrome: prolonged exposure to jail = psych fucked
   • meet with parole officer + conditions
   • sex offender: give community notification
   • failure: suspension/revocation of conditional release: PO tell court that failed conditions
   • standard conditions: report to PO, stay in boundaries
     • keep da peace, report any changes, always carry papers
   • probation: imposed by court, max 3 yrs, provincial, breach= extension of probation
   • Parole: granted by NPB, until end of sentence, type of conditional release, breach= return to prison

9. special offenders: female, mentally ill, aboriginal, sex offender

10. escorted temporary absence: inmates escorted for big events (funeral)