Peace Treaties of 1919-23

Peace Treaties of 1919-23

1. St. Germain, 1919 (Austria)

   • Main Terms
     • Separate Austria from Hungary; Austro-Hungarian empire was broken up
     • Lost territory
     • Army restricted to 30,000
     • Forbidden to unite with Germany
   • Impact
     • Most Austrian Industries went to Czechoslovakia
     • States given to various other countries
     • Millions in Eastern Europe given self-determination
     • Austria suffered severe economic problems

2. Neuilly, 1919 (Bulgaria

   • Main Terms
     • Lost land to Greece, Romania and Yugoslavia
     • Lost access to Mediterranean
     • Army restricted to 20,000
     • 10 million in reparations
   • Impact
     • Lands given to Greece, Austria and Hungary
     • Many Bulgarians governed by foreign powers

3. Trianon, 1920 (Hungary)

   • Main Terms
     • Lost territory to Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia
     • Loss of raw materials and industry
   • Impact
     • Hungary shrunk
     • 3 million ended up in other states

4. Sevres, 1920 (Turkey)

   • Main Terms
     • Lost land to Greece , Bularia and Italy.
     • Lost straits running into the Black Sea
     • Army limited to 50,000, navy limited and no air force
   • Impact
     • Arabs who helped Britain in the war gained little
     • Some countries went independent

5. Versailles, 1919 (Germany)

   • Main terms
     • Blame for the war
     • 6600 million in Reparations to the Allies
     • Army reduced to 100,000 men (volunteers only); no armoured vehicles, U-Boats or aircraft; 6 battleships;
     • All of Germany's colonies taken, territory also
     • Disarmament
   • Impact
     • Germans horrified and furious
     • Germans forced to sign due to being unable to go through another war (bankrupt and hungry)
     • Reparations crippled their economy
     • Disarmament dishonoured them
       • None of the victorious nations did
       • Made them vulnerable to attack (ie 1923 French invaded the Ruhr)
     • Lost pride
     • Felt insulted they weren't allowed to join the League
     • Many Germans found themselves living in other countries under foreign governments due to lost territory
       • Lost industrial areas such as Silesia and Saar