2.2 Thermal properties and temperature

2.2 Thermal properties and temperature

1. 2.2.1 Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases

   • describe qualitatively the thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases at constant pressure
   • explain, in terms of the motion and arrangement of molecules, the relative order of the magnitude of the expansion of solids, liquids and gases
   • identify and explain some of the everyday applications and consequences of thermal expansion

2. 2.2.2 Measurement of temperature

   • appreciate how a physical property that varies with temperature may be used for the measurement of temperature, and state examples of such properties
   • demonstrate understanding of sensitivity, range and linearity
   • recognise the need for and identify fixed points
   • describe the structure of a thermocouple
     • and show understanding of its use as a thermometer for measuring high temperatures and those that vary rapidly
   • describe and explain the structure and action of liquid-in-glass thermometers
     • and explain how its structure relates to its sensitivity, range and linearity

3. 2.2.3 Thermal capacity (heat capacity)

   • relate a rise in the temperature of a body to an increase in its internal energy
     • give a molecular account of an increase in internal energy
   • show an understanding of what is meant by the thermal capacity of a body
     • recall and use the equation thermal capacity = mc
   • define specific heat capacity
     • describe an experiment to measure the specific heat capacity of a substance
     • recall and use the equation change in energy = mc(delta)T
       • the word delta should be shown as a small triangle It means "change in" in this context it means change in temperature

4. 2.2.4 Melting and boiling

   • describe melting and boiling
     • in terms of energy input without a change in temperature
     • distinguish between boiling and evaporation
   • state the meaning of melting point and boiling point
   • describe condensation and solidification in terms of molecules
   • use the terms latent heat of vaporisation and latent heat of fusion and give a molecular interpretation of latent heat
   • define specific latent heat
     • describe an experiment to measure specific latent heats for steam and for ice
     • recall and use the equation energy = ml