Types of Mutations

Types of Mutations

1. Gene mutations

   • Is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, such that the sequence differs from what is found in most people.
     • Point Mutations
       • Example: Sickle-cell anemia
   • Example: Down syndrome and Turner syndrome.

2. Gene Mutations

   • Is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, such that the sequence differs from what is found in most people.
     • Point Mutations
   • Example: Down Syndrome

3. Factors that causes Mutations

   • Replications errors
     • Results from the covalent addition of an incorrect nucleotide subunit, or the lack of addition of a nucleotide subunit, during polymerization of the growing newly synthesized DNA strand during replication.
       • Mutagens
         • Are chemical compounds or forms of radiation (such as ultraviolet (UV) light or X-rays) that cause irreversible and heritable changes (mutations) in the cellular genetic material, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
           • Example: Viruses, Bacteria, Transposons
       • Example: Cáncer

4. Chromosomal Mutations

   • Are alterations that affect whole chromosomes and whole genes rather than just individual nucleotides.
     • Example: Edward's syndrome or trisomy 18. Patau syndrome or trisomy 13.

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