Acute abdomen

Acute abdomen

1. Acute pancreatitis

   • Systemic complications
     • ARDS
     • DIC
     • Renal failure
     • Shock
   • Local complications
     • Pseudoabcess
     • Small bowel infarct
   • Risk factors
     • Alcohol
     • Stones
     • Family hx
   • SIRS
   • Causes
     • Hypercalcemia
     • Hypertriglyceridemia
     • Steroirds
     • Trauma
     • Drugs
     • Scorpion stings
     • Congenital
       • pancreatic divisum
   • Signs and symptoms
     • Fever
       • Tachycardia
     • Epigastric pain

2. Pancreatic physiology

   • Endocrine
     • Blood glucose control
       • Diabetes
       • Metabolic syndrome
   • Exocrine
     • Digestive enzymes
       • Malabsorption
     • Bicarbonate
       • Ulcers

3. Pancreas anatomy

   • Blood supply
     • Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
     • Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
     • Splenic artery
   • Retroperitoneal
     • CT scan is the main imaging modality
   • Parts
     • Head
     • Neck
     • Tail

4. Investigations

   • Serum lipase
   • Serum amylase
   • CT scan
   • ALT/AST
   • ALP/GGT
   • Fecal elastase

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