Types of Research Design by Rolan Salazar and Matias Ruiz

Types of Research Design by Rolan Salazar and Matias Ruiz

1. Exploratory Research (Formulator)

   • The purpose of this research is to gain new knowledge about a phenomenon, that is, to formulate the problem and develop the hypothesis.
     • This type of research is most commonly used when we have some background knowledge and references to conduct more rigorous research later.
       • The results of exploratory research are not usually useful for decision-making by themselves, but they can provide significant insight into a given situation.
   • Steps of Exploratory Research
     • Exploratory Research is the first step
       • Methods for exploratory research
         • Survey of Literature
         • The Experience of Survey
           • Following are the ways of Experience Survey
             • Best Hypothesis (experience)
               • Behavioral Possibility
                 • Knowledge of Facilities (Sources)
                   • Control Factor (controlled and uncontrolled)
                     • Knowledge of Helping Persons (person wich is helpful of study)
   • Case Study
     • Type of special case (insight-stimulation) based on the observation of a certain community or culture in all its dimensions and ramifications, in this case the researcher must be alert
     • Covers all aspects of a single entity (behavioral, place and social factors)

2. Descriptive Research (Formulative)

   • Describes phenomena as they exist (observe and describe). It is used to identify and obtain information about the characteristics of a particular group or situation (describes social events, social structure, and social situations).
   • Answers the questions what, who, where, how, and when.
   • This type of study is used in psychic and natural sciences but is even more used in social sciences such as socioeconomics, surveys, analysis of activities, etc.
   • Steps of Descriptive Reseach
     • The Clear Discrimination of objective of Research (The main purpose of research)
       • Determination of the Method of Data Collection (Type of data collection: Questionnaire, observation, interview etc.)
         • Selection of Sampling (Select some people)
           • Real Collection of Data (Research Field and Time)
             • Analysis of Achieved Conclusion (Conclusion fo the whole research: tabulating, graph representation etc)
   • Limitations of Descriptive Research
     • It requires the discovery of facts to arrive at a the solution to the problem. On the other hand, when statistical techniques are applied, but they do not always explain the causal relation so descriptive research cannot be used to create a causal relationship, where one variable affects another.

3. Experimental Research Design

   • The causal in a controlled situation or an experiment under control, some variables are manipulated, and the phenomenon won't change.
   • A hypothesis alternative is provided.
   • One factor is holding, and others vary.
   • The Independent variable is manipulated, and the dependent variable is measured.
   • Types of Experimental Research
     • After-only experimental design
     • Before – after experimental design.
     • Ex-post facto design
     • Panel study

4. Explanatory Research Design

   • Explore a new universe without previously based, this focused on why phenomenons happen.
   • Research Unknow areas
   • Specific Investigation Problem
     • Look for the Factors
   • The Design is the first step
     • Hypothesis establishes the relationship between two or more variable
   • Design
     • Two-cell
     • Four-cell
     • Marching