EUROPE

EUROPE

1. It's the second smallest continent in the world

2. It reaches: the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the Ural Mountains and the Caspian Sea to the East

3. European plains

   • The Great European Plain
     • The Central Massif
     • The Vosges
     • Black Forest Mountains
   • The Eastern European Plain
     • The White Sea
     • The Barents Sea
     • The Ural Mountains

4. European mountains

   • Mountains in northern Europe: Scandinavian Mountains, Ural Mountains.
   • Mountains in southern Europe: the Pyrenees, the Alps, the Carpathians, the Balkans and the Caucasus Mountains. Mount Elbrus is the highest mountain (5,642m)

5. European Coasts

   • Peninsula is an area of land that is connected to a larger area of land on one side, but is surrounded by the sea on all other sides. Ex: The Iberian, Italian, Balkan and Crimean Peninsulas.
   • Gulfs are large bays. Ex: Gulf of Bothnia, gulf of Lion and Genoa .
   • Bay is a body of water enclosed by a curve of the coast around it. Ex. Bay of Biscay.
   • Capes are high points of land extending into a body of water. Ex. The North Cape, Cape Finisterre, etc.
   • Fiords and inlets are valleys into which seawater enters. Fiords are made by glaciers (Scandinavian Peninsula).
   • Straits are narraw waterways that connect two bodies of water. Ex: Strait of Gibraltar.
   • Island is an area of land that is completely surrounded by the sea. Ex: Balearic Islands.

6. European climates

   • Mediterranean
     • Mediterranean coast and some interior areas in the south of Europe.
     • Temperatures are high in summer and mild in winter.
     • Precipitation is not abundant
   • Oceanic
     • Areas along the Atlantic Ocean and central Europe.
     • Temperatures are mild in summer and low in winter.
     • Precipitatios is abundant and regular.
     • 4 seasons
   • Continental
     • Areas in Eastern Europe
     • Temperatures are high in summer, but very low in winter.
     • Precipitation is higher in summer.
   • Polar
     • In the north of Scandinavian countries and Russia.
     • It's the coldest climate on the Earth.
     • Precipitation is scarce.
   • Mountain or Alpine
     • At the top of the highest points of the continent.
     • Temperatures are very low in winter and cool in summer.
     • Precipitation is abundant

7. The population of Europe

   • More than 700 million people live there.
   • Europe has an ageing population
     • Low birth rate
     • Increasing life expectancy (78 years)
   • Most poulation is urban.
   • Density
     • High population density zones: the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, Germany, France, Italy and the United Kingdom.
     • Low population density zones:Iceland, Norway, Finland, Sweden and Russia (countries in the northern Europe because they have very cold climates)

8. European economy

   • Primary sector includes jobs which obtain resources from.
   • Secondary sector includes jobs which transform raw materials into manufactured products.
   • Tertiary sector includes all jobs whic provide services. Ex: trade, transport and tourism