Selenium

Selenium

1. It is a open-source testing framework for Web applciations

   • contain Tools & APIS

2. Kind of

   • Selenium IDE
     • It is a Firefox plugin
       • Goal: Record and play actions
   • Selenium RC
     • A client/server system for execute tests in different languages. It is deprecated.
   • Selenium WebDriver
     • This actually provide the tools, libraries, drivers for support in programming languages in order to automate actions
       • Driver
         • functions to control browser
   • Selenium GRID
     • It let run automation remotely in all browsers.

3. Locators

   • Attributes-based
     • By.id
       • Find an element by id, it is the first choice, id is unique: <div id="toolbar">.....</div>
         • WebElement Ele = driver.findElement(By.id("toolbar"));
     • By.name
       • Find an element by name attribute, as long as it is unique: <input name="register" class="required" type="text"/>
         • WebElement register= driver.findElement(By.name("register"));
     • By.linkText
       • Find a element by link text: <a href="http://www.seleniumhq.org">Downloads</a>
         • WebElement download = driver.findElement(By.linkText("Downloads"));
     • By Partial LinkText
       • Same to Link Text, including <anchor> tag
     • By TagName
       • TagName can be used with Group elements like , Select and check-boxes / dropdowns
     • By.className
       • Find elements by class attribute
   • Structure-based
     • XPath
       • It is a standard navigation tool for XML, HTML document is also an XML document (xHTML)
         • Native Xpath
           • html/head/body/table/tr/td
         • Relative Xpath
           • Find an image: xpath=//img[@alt='image alt text']
           • Get an cell element: xpath=//table[@id='table1']//tr[4]/td[2] xpath=(//table[@class='nice'])//th[text()='headertext']/
           • Link element: xpath=//a[contains(@href,'href goes here')]
           • Input element: xpath=//input[@name='name2' and @value='yes']
             • or xpath =//*[@name='name2']
       • How can I create an xpath locator?
         • 1. Firebug tool ==> Native XPath, absolute path
         • 2. FirePath tool ==> Relative XPath
         • 3. Mix both: New relative xpath: //body//footer/section[3]/div/ul/li[3]/a Another relative xpath: //body//section[3]/div/ul/li[3]/a
         • 4. Containing a Keyword: link picture with profile keyword: //img[contains(@src,’Profile’)]
         • 5. Start with a keyword: picture alt with the keyword: //img[starts-with(@alt,’Visit Us On Linkedin’)]
         • 6. find a text: //*[text() = 'something'], //a[contains(text(), 'part link name')]
     • CssSelector

4. Wait commands

   • Explicit waits
     • more user-controlled approach. Set a timeout specific for another elements.
       • WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10); wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(downloadLink));
         • presenceOfElementLocated – Waits for an element to be present in the DOM; returns the WebElement visibilityOfElementLocated – Waits for an element to be visible; returns true if the element is visible invisibilityOfElementLocated – Waits for an element to be invisible; returns true if the element is not visible elementToBeClickable – Waits for element to be clickable, i.e., visible and enabled; returns the WebElement alertIsPresent – Waits for an alert to be present; returns the alert if present titleIs – Waits for the title to match a specific value elementSelectionStateToBe – Waits for an element to be selected or not frameToBeAvailableAndSwitchToIt – Waits for a frame to be available and switches to it so we can interact with the contents of the frame titleContains – Waits for the title to contain a String; returns true when title matches urlContains – Waits for the URL to contain a specific String urlMatches – Waits for the URL to match a specific regular expression urlToBe – Waits for the URL to be an exact String
   • Implicit waits
     • WebDriver will: try to find it, fail,
       • instead of throwing a NoSuchElementException exception, WebDriver will wait for 500 milliseconds, then WebDriver will try to find it again
     • It is configured by using the manage timeouts functionality from the WebDriver API.
       • driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);