Mapa mental
Impact of War on the German People
Conteúdo do mapa
Impact of War on the German People
Morale and mood of the public
- - People were not as patriotic as with WW1
- - Lacked enthusiasm, no cheering
- These didn't meet Hitlers expectations
- Even early victories didn't lift morale much
- October 1939-September 1940
- Rapid defeat of Poland, Norway, Denmark, Holland, Belgium did evoke some celebration though
- Severe winter: coal shortages, partial breakdown of railway
- Refusal of GB to make peace
- Air Raids from GB began
- Abandoned plan to invade GB
- People were frustrated
- October 1939-September 1940
- - Lacked enthusiasm, no cheering
- Invasion of the USSR
- SD Reports: People still depressed
- Concerned that others are being treated better than some
- Minimum food
- Aware that the Russians are tough
- Events: June 1941: Invasion of the Soviet Union - Failed to achieve a quick victory
- November 1941: German Army had pushed Soviet Forces back
- 5th December 1941: Red Army launched a counter attack- forced German army back
- 11th December: War on the US.
- 19th December: Army Commander in Chief dismissed for failures of German Army
- January 1942: An SD report: confidence beginning to erode
- Summer 1942: Victories against British
- Autumn 1942: German and Italian forces defeated in N. Africa
- January 1943: German forces surrounded and had to surrender at Stalingrad
- February 1943: 'Total War'
- January 1943: German forces surrounded and had to surrender at Stalingrad
- Autumn 1942: German and Italian forces defeated in N. Africa
- Summer 1942: Victories against British
- January 1942: An SD report: confidence beginning to erode
- 19th December: Army Commander in Chief dismissed for failures of German Army
- 11th December: War on the US.
- 5th December 1941: Red Army launched a counter attack- forced German army back
- November 1941: German Army had pushed Soviet Forces back
- - People were not as patriotic as with WW1
Propaganda
- Depicted the soldiers as well equipped: Why would they ask for winter supplies?
- It confirmed what the returning soldiers had said
- Depicted the soldiers as well equipped: Why would they ask for winter supplies?
Impact of the war
- Workers:
- More men had to be conscripted, though full scale conscription not implemented in the first two years
- Efficient use of workers
- Reduction of workers in consumer goods
- Rise in numbers employed in munitions
- Non essential workers released to military
- Efficient use of workers
- Increase in production of armaments
- Had to use avalble people and foreign workers:
- 'Decree on the Conversion of the whole German Economy onto a war footing'
- Wage reductions, no overtime pay, but it wasn't popular so it had to be resorted in October 1939
- More men had to be conscripted, though full scale conscription not implemented in the first two years
- Women
- Queueing for food was common
- 1936-7, Regime modified position towards women
- Pressure to be employed in industry
- Hitler refused to employ more women in 1940
- Married women with kids encouraged to leave employment
- Women in work declined 39-41: 2.3 Million (39) 2.2 Million (41)
- September 1939: 6,400,000 women in work
- Made up 27% of the industrial labour force
- Mobilised by the NS-F to harvest, prepare food parcels and home evacuated kids
- NS- F taught women how to cope with wartime
- Mobilised by the NS-F to harvest, prepare food parcels and home evacuated kids
- Made up 27% of the industrial labour force
- Hitler refused to employ more women in 1940
- Working hours increased
- Incentives for families with conscripted men
- Youth
- Early stages of war: Not necessary to conscript young to help with war work yet
- HJ activities continued: future soldiers so more emphasis on military
- Shooting and excercises
- BDM and HJ compulsory 1939
- Expected to help with 'Winter Aid'
- Set up camps- requistioned hotels for evacuees
- Evacuation of children began in September 1940
- Not compulsory but hard to opt-out of
- Indoctrination was high prority
- Workers: